Science Unit 3 Matter vs. Non matter

Matter

any substance that has mass and takes up space (has volume)

gases

• no fixed volume

• fills a container

• no fixed shape

Nonmatter

energy

solids

• tightly packed particals

• has fixed volume and shape

plasma

free roaming negative and positive particles - ionized particles

forms of mattter

liquid, solid, gas, plasma

kinetic theory of gases 1

all matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms, molecules)

kinetic theory of gases 2

The particles are in constant motion

kinetic theory of gases 3

The particles collide with each other and their containers

kinetic theory of gases 4

They don’t lose energy from the collisions

heat of vaporization

the amount of heat needed to turn 1 g of a liquid into a vapor, without a rise in the temperature of the liquid

heat of fusion

a quantity of energy needed to melt or freeze a substance under conditions of constant pressure

melting

this occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting point

freezing

a phase transition where a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.

condensation

Either the air is cooled to its dew point or it becomes so saturated with water vapor that it cannot hold any more water.

vaporization

conversion of a substance from the liquid or solid phase into the gaseous

sublimation

when a solid turns straight into a gas. only occurs in certain temps and pressures

density

the amount of matter in an object

buoyancy

the ability of fluid to exert and upward force on an object that’s in a fluid. the force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

archimedes principal

The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Any object placed in a fluid pushes that fluid out of the way as it begins to sink, but only until the weight of the fluid that is displaced is equal to the weight of the object

pressure=

force/area

pascals principal

pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout a fluid, or pressure in=pressure out

bernoullis principal

faster flowing fluids - like air or gas and water (liquid) exert less pressure

charles law

the volume of a gas increases with increasing temeperature, as long as the pressure on the gas does not change. The reverse is also true. the volume of a gas shrinks with decreasing temperature.

boyels law

If you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temperature constant, the pressure from the gas will increase. An increase in the volume of the container causes the pressure to drop, if the temperature remains constant

archimedes example

two balls in water but one sinking because the weight of the ball is greater than the buoyant force. The other ball floats because the buoyant force of the water is greater than the weight of the pink ball

pascals example

hydraulic press

bernoullis exmple

lifting of a plane

charles example

putting a room temp balloon in the refrigerator

boyles example

opening a soda can

why is water less dense as a solid than a liquid

The extra hydrogen bonds that occur when water freezes increase the space between molecules, causing a decrease in overall density

why does the heating curve of water plateu at the beggining

heat of fusion occurs. The ice melts into a liquid . the energy gest stuck breakign bonds between the molecules

why does the heating curve of water plateu at the end

heat of vaporization occurs. the liquid is in the process of turning into a gas from the heat that is added

how pressure changes as you go deeper in water

the pressure increases. one atmosphere more every 33 meters you go down. There is a greater weight pressing down on you.