BIO. 50A- Ch.1

Practice diagrams on kilonotes & practice apps

Anatomy

Study of structure

Physiology

Study of body functions

Pathopyhsiology

study of disorders of functioning

Levels of organization (smallest to largest)

1. Chemicals

2. Cells

3. Tissues

4. Organs

5. Organ system

Chemicals

Inorganic - simple molecules

Organic - complex & contain elements carbon & hydrogen

Cells

smallest living units: made of chemicals - Specific chemical reactions

Tissues

Epithelial - line of body surfaces: capable of producing secretions (kidney tubules)

Connective - connect & support parts of the body (Cartiliage)

Muscle - Contraction, movement (urinary bladder)

Nerve - generate & transmit electrochemical impulses (brain and optic nerves)

Organs

Group of tissues for specific functions (individual bones)

Organ system

Group of organs that contribute to a particular function

Integumentary

Barrier to pathogens - skin

Skeletal

Protection, framework, support - bones & ligaments

Muscular

Movement, heat

Nervous

Interpret sensory information - brain, eyes

Endocrine

Regulates body functions; thyroid, & pancreas

Circulatory

Transports oxygen, removes waste

Lymphatic

Returns tissue, provides immunity - spleen

Respiratory

exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide - lungs

Digestive

Change food to chemicals - stomach & colon

Urinary

Remove waste, regulate pH - kidneys & urinary bladder

Reproductive

Produce eggs or sperm - ovaries, uterus, testes, & prostate

Metabolism

Growing, repairing, reacting & reproducing; digestion

Metabolic rate

Mean speed the body produces heat & energy

Homeostasis

Maintain stable functions in body

Positive stimulus

Keeps feedback going

Dorsal Cavity

Central nervous system; cranial & vertebral cavity

Ventral cavity

Thoracic & abdominal cavity

Cranial cavity

Brain

Vertebral cavity

Spine

Thoracic cavity

lungs & heart; membranes, chest wall

Abdominal cavity

Stomach, liver, intestines - peritoneum: mesenity covers abdominal organs

Pelvic Cavity

Urinary & Reproductive organs

Abdomen

Quadrants - (Right upper, left upper, right lower, & left lower)