Ch3 Gov Notes

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Federal Structure

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36 Terms

1

Federal Structure

Mixes national supremacy with states' rights.

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2

Cooperative Federalism

Uses grants and unfunded mandates between national and state governments.

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3

Tenth and Fourteenth Amendments

Drive debates on power balance between state and federal governments.

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4

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Limited Congress’s use of the Commerce Clause, favoring state control.

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5

Federalism

A system of government that divides sovereign power across at least two political units.

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6

Sovereign Power

The authority and autonomy given to each unit of government.

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7

States' Rights

The political powers held for the state governments rather than the federal government.

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8

National Power

The authority held by the federal government under the Constitution.

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9

Exclusive Powers

Powers held only by the national government.

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10

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared by both national and state governments.

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11

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Established implied powers and federal supremacy over state laws.

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12

Dual Federalism

Characterized by distinct layers of authority between national and state governments.

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13

Block Grants

Federal funds provided to states and localities for broad purposes.

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14

Categorical Grants

Federal grants with strict guidelines and requirements that often require matching funds.

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15

Coercive Federalism

Involves unfunded mandates that require states to comply with federal regulations.

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16

Competitive Federalism

Encourages states to compete in areas like policies, laws, and services.

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17

Federal Preemption

Federal laws take precedence over conflicting state laws.

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18

Fiscal Federalism

Involves grants-in-aid to influence state policies through financial incentives.

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19

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Ensures that legal decisions are recognized across state lines.

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20

Police Powers

States regulate for public health, safety, welfare, and morals.

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21

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Prevents states from discriminating against citizens from other states.

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22

Remedial Legislation

Used by Congress to enforce constitutional rights and target discrimination.

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23

States' Sovereign Immunity

States cannot be sued in federal court unless they consent.

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24

Tenth Amendment

Reserves powers not delegated to the federal government for the states.

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25

Unfunded Mandates

Require states to perform actions without federal funding.

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26

Unitary Government

The central government holds most or all governing power.

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27

Eleventh Amendment

Prevents suits against states in federal court by out-of-state citizens.

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28

Race to the Bottom

The competition among states to lower standards in order to attract businesses.

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29

Benefits of Federalism

More policy innovation, responsiveness, and checks on national tyranny.

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30

Costs of Federalism

Unequal resource distribution and protections across states.

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31

Ongoing Federalism Debate

Determining the balance between state and national power continues to be a major issue.

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32

Picket Fence Federalism

Collaboration among different levels of government on specific policy issues.

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33

Sovereign Immunity

Legal doctrine preventing states from being sued without their consent.

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34

National Supremacy

The principle that federal law takes precedence over state law in conflicts.

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35

States' Rights vs National Power

Debate over whether states should have more power versus federal government authority.

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36

Implied Powers

Powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution but necessary to implement expressed powers.

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