Greek history 1

Who is considered the first historian of Greece?

Herodotus of Halicarnassus

What does the word 'history' originate from?

The English form of a Greek noun

What significant period began around 3000 BC in Greece?

The arrival of new people, marking the beginning of the Minoan culture

What major cultural development occurred in Greece around 6000 B.C.?

The establishment of egalitarian agricultural communities

What significant technological advancement did the inhabitants of Greece learn during the Early Bronze Age?

How to make bronze through trade and contact with Egypt and the Far East

What year marks the beginning of the Mycenaean age?

Around 1500 BC

What was the outcome of the conflict between Mycenae and Troy?

Greece defeated Troy in 1200 BC

What happened to Mycenaean culture around 1150 BC?

It disappeared, leading to a power vacuum in Greece

What is referred to as the 'Dark Age' in Greek history?

A period with no significant written evidence, currency, archaeological evidence, or art

What significant change occurred in Greece around 800 BCE?

Greek settlers began establishing communities across the Mediterranean

What was the relationship between Agamemnon and Achilles during the Trojan War?

They had a conflict over Agamemnon's daughter, leading Achilles to withdraw from battle

What did Agamemnon have to sacrifice to appease the gods?

One of his daughters

Who is described as 'the face that launched a thousand ships'?

Helen of Troy

What was the state of Mycenae after Agamemnon's death?

His throne was empty for 10 years before Odysseus returned

What characterized the Mycenaean raids during the Trojan War?

They enslaved women and children and took goods from Chryse

What was the morale of the Greek forces after 9.5 years of war?

Morale was low due to ongoing plagues and losses

What was the significance of the 400s in Greek history?

It is noted as the most important century

What was the favorite color of the professor mentioned in the notes?

Green

What time period does the Early Bronze Age cover?

3000-2100 B.C.E.

What time period does the Middle/High Bronze Age cover?

2100-1600 B.C.E.

When did the first Greeks enter the Peloponnesus?

Around 1900 B.C.E.

What is the time frame of the Late Bronze Age?

1600-1150 B.C.E.

Who was Agamemnon in Mycenaean culture?

The king who became the supreme commander in the Trojan War.

What significant event is associated with Agamemnon around 1200 B.C.E.?

He led Greek forces against Troy.

Who composed the source material for the Trojan War?

Homer, around 750-650 B.C.E.

What was Heinrich Schliemann's contribution to the study of the Trojan War?

He excavated the site of Troy, providing evidence that it was a real place.

What is the significance of the Mycenaean Lion Gate?

It is a notable architectural feature of Mycenae, symbolizing the power of the Mycenaean civilization.

What is a Tholos in Mycenaean culture?

A beehive tomb that was expensive to construct.

What writing system did the Mycenaeans use?

Linear B.

What does reading Linear B reveal about the Mycenaeans?

It indicates their interactions with Minoans and provides insights into their culture.

What led to the disappearance of Mycenaean culture around 1150 B.C.E.?

The Trojan War and the resulting power vacuum in Greece.

What characterizes the Greek Dark Age (c. 1150-750 B.C.E.)?

Lack of significant written evidence, coinage, and archaeological findings.

What is the significance of Lefkandi during the Dark Age?

It provides evidence of habitation and burial practices during a time of limited records.

What is synoecism in the context of Greek history?

The joining together of households to form larger communities, leading to the emergence of city-states (poleis).

What was the role of basileis in Dark Age Greece?

They were nobles or chiefs who held power in oligarchies.

What was the outcome of the Lelantine War?

It was a conflict between the city-states of Eretria and Calchis, highlighting internal strife among Greek poleis.

What event marked the beginning of the colonizing movement in Greece?

Greek settlements began to appear across the Mediterranean around 825-800 B.C.E.

What does Panhellenism refer to in Greek history?

The cultural unity among Greek city-states, exemplified by events like the first Olympian Games in 776 B.C.E.

What does the term polis mean?

It refers to a city-state in ancient Greece.

What was the significance of the Persian Wars for Greek identity?

They fostered a sense of unity and distinction between Greeks and non-Greeks.

What does the term 'Ἱστόρια' mean in Greek?

It means 'inquiry' or 'investigation', as used by Herodotus to document human achievements.

What are the main periods of Greek history?

Neolithic Period, Bronze Age, Dark Age, Archaic Period, Classical Period, Hellenistic Period.

What time frame does the Neolithic Period cover?

6500-3000 BCE.

What significant changes occurred during the Bronze Age?

Introduction of bronze tools and weapons, trade with Egypt and the Far East, and the arrival of Indo-European settlers.

What is the time frame for the Early Bronze Age?

3000-2100 BCE.

What characterized the Middle Bronze Age?

The first Greeks, known as Mycenaeans, settled in the Peloponnesian Peninsula around 1900 BCE.

What is the Late Bronze Age also known as?

The Mycenaean Age, lasting from 1600-1150 BCE.

What is the significance of the Minoan civilization?

It was a major early civilization in Crete, known for its palatial centers and trade networks.

What were the key periods of Minoan civilization?

Pre-palatial Period (3000-2000 BCE), First Palaces (2000-1700 BCE), and Neopalatial Period (1700-1500 BCE).

What event led to the decline of Minoan civilization?

The eruption of Thera around 1650-1550 BCE and the rise of the Mycenaeans.

What writing system is associated with Minoan civilization?

Linear A, which remains unreadable and unclassified.

Who was the first archaeologist to excavate Crete?

Sir Arthur John Evans.

What is the significance of the Minotaur in Minoan mythology?

It represents the blend of historical and mythological narratives in Greek history.

What does the term 'thalassocracy' refer to in the context of Minoan civilization?

It refers to Minoan dominance over the sea and trade routes.

What was the role of the Great Goddess in Minoan religion?

She was a central figure in Minoan religious practices, often depicted in art.

What was the primary form of governance in Minoan society?

There was no king per se, but a central administration overseeing the palatial centers.

What is the significance of the House of the Tiles in Lerna?

It is an archaeological site that provides insights into early Greek civilization.

What is the relationship between the Mycenaeans and Minoans?

The Mycenaeans adopted many advancements from the Minoans and later took over Crete.

What does the term 'Mycenaean' refer to?

It refers to the early Greek civilization that emerged in the Late Bronze Age.

What is the significance of the Iliad in relation to Mycenaean culture?

It reflects the values, heroes, and events of Mycenaean society.

What was a key feature of Minoan architecture?

The construction of large palatial complexes, such as the palace at Knossos.

How did the Minoans influence later Greek culture?

They contributed advancements in art, trade, and governance that were adopted by the Mycenaeans.