Web Programming Concepts and Technologies

A set of flashcards summarizing key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes on web programming.

Progressive Web Application (PWA)

Apps that function like a native app and are installable on the web.

Static Website

Websites that only provide information, where text isn’t changeable.

Dynamic Website

Websites that allow text to be updated from the website.

Web App Manifest

A JSON file that describes a website to the browser, allowing it to function like a native app when installed.

Service Worker

A JavaScript file that stores and caches data.

Packing Switching Strategy

Switching a website into multiple different packets to reach its destination.

TCP (Transport Control Protocol)

Protocol that ensures reliable delivery of data packets.

DNS (Domain Name System)

System that translates webpage names to IP addresses.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol; used for communication between browsers and servers.

HTTPS (HTTP Secure)

Secure version of HTTP that encrypts data for safe communication.

SSL/TLS

Protocols that secure communication over computer networks by encrypting data.

Asymmetric Encryption

Encryption using a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.

Symmetric Encryption

Encryption method where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption.

Big Data

Data characterized by variety, volume, variability, and velocity.

Web Content Mining

Analyzing the content of webpages (text, images, etc.) to find meaningful patterns.

Web Structure Mining

Analyzing how web pages are linked to determine importance and relationships.

Web Usage Mining

Analyzing user interaction with web pages to understand behavior and improve design.

WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)

International standards for making web content more accessible to people with disabilities.

API (Application Programming Interface)

Set of protocols for building and interacting with software applications.

ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)

A technique that lets developers interact with a database using objects instead of SQL queries.

Progressive Web Application (PWA)

Apps that function like a native app and are installable on the web.

Static Website

Websites that only provide information, where text isn’t changeable.

Dynamic Website

Websites that allow text to be updated from the website.

Web App Manifest

A JSON file that describes a website to the browser, allowing it to function like a native app when installed.

Service Worker

A JavaScript file that stores and caches data for offline use.

Packing Switching Strategy

Dividing data into packets sent independently to reach its destination.

TCP (Transport Control Protocol)

A protocol that ensures reliable delivery of data packets through processes like the TCP handshake.

DNS (Domain Name System)

A system that translates webpage names (domain names) into IP addresses.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol used for communication between browsers and servers; typically uses port 80.

HTTPS (HTTP Secure)

Secure version of HTTP that encrypts data; typically uses port 443 to protect against interception.

SSL/TLS

Protocols that secure communication by encrypting data; involves an SSL handshake to exchange certificates and keys.

Asymmetric Encryption

Encryption using a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption (e.g., RSA).

Symmetric Encryption

Encryption method where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption (e.g., AES).

Big Data

Data characterized by the 4 Vs: Volume, Variety, Velocity, and Variability.

Web Content Mining

Analyzing the content of webpages (text, images, etc.) to find meaningful patterns.

Web Structure Mining

Analyzing how web pages are linked to determine importance and relationships.

Web Usage Mining

Analyzing user interaction with web pages to understand behavior and improve design.

WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)

International standards for making web content accessible, including features like alt text and keyboard navigation.

API (Application Programming Interface)

Set of protocols for building and interacting with software applications.

ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)

A technique that lets developers interact with a database using objects instead of SQL queries.

What is web programming?

The development of online applications such as PWAs, eCommerce sites, and backend systems.

What is the backend responsible for?

Processing logic, handling data, and managing secure transactions.

What is contained in a packet header?

Control information such as source and destination details.

Source vs. Destination Fields

Source: Indicates where the data originated.
Destination: Indicates where the data is being sent.

IP Packet Field and Payload

IP Field: The address identifying sending and receiving devices.
Payload: The actual data being transmitted.

Packet Footer

The part of a data packet that indicates its end.

IPv4 vs. IPv6

IPv4: Uses 32-bit addresses.
IPv6: Uses 128-bit addresses; introduced because IPv4 addresses were running out.

Website vs. Web App

Website: A platform that provides information.
Web App: A platform that provides interactive services.

Metadata

Data that describes other data.

Common Backend Languages

PHP, Java, and Python.

IPSO Model

Stands for Input, Process, Storage, and Output; used in PWAs to describe online and offline logic.

tcpdump

A tool that captures and displays network packets, including IP addresses, ports, and protocols.

MAC Address

A hardware identifier for a network interface.

Ports

Numbered communication endpoints on a device used to route different types of data to the correct service.

What does an SSL certificate contain?

The public key, hostname, and expiry date.

FTP and SFTP

FTP: Insecure protocol for files (ports 20/21).
SFTP: Secure File Transfer Protocol using SSH (port 22).

Email Protocols (SMTP, POP3, IMAP)

• SMTP: Sends emails.

• POP3: Downloads emails to a device.

• IMAP: Manages emails directly on the server.

Hash Values

Values used for verifying data integrity.

Authentication vs. Authorisation

Authentication: Verifying identity.
Authorisation: Determining access permissions.

Structured vs. Unstructured Data

Structured: Organized in databases or tables.
Unstructured: Media like images, videos, and audio.

W3C

World Wide Web Consortium; the organization that develops web standards.

Internationalisation (i18n)

Designing websites to support multiple languages and regions.