7. Zoonotic Disease and Covid 19

What is zoonotic diseases?

Disease passed between animals and humans e.g influenzas, salmonella, E.coli

What are the modes of transport?

Vector, aerosol, oral, direct contact, fomite

Vector?

Disease spread by an organism (like a mosquito or tick) that carries pathogens between hosts.

Aerosol?

Spread of pathogens through tiny droplets in the air, inhaled by others (e.g., flu, COVID-19).

Oral?

Ingesting pathogens through contaminated food or water (e.g., cholera, giardia)

Direct contact?

Passing pathogens through physical contact with an infected person (e.g., herpes, Ebola)

Fomite?

Transmission via contaminated objects like doorknobs or towels (e.g., cold viruses)

What was the bubonic plague?

A deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, spread by fleas on rats, causing massive epidemics in the Middle Ages

Brain eating amoeba: outline the life cycle. What is the scientific name?

Scientific name: Naegleria fowleri.

Lives in warm freshwater (lakes, hot springs)

Amoeba enters nose during swimming

Travels to the brain via olfactory nerve

Causes a fatal brain infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

What factors contributed to the global spread of covid 19?

International travel and trade Urban crowding and population density Lack of early detection and response Poor sanitation and healthcare access