Globalisation and educational policy • Marketisation and privatisation • International comparisons

Okay, let's break down marketization and privatization in the context of globalization and educational policy.

Marketization in education refers to the introduction of market forces and principles into the education system, which traditionally has been a public service. This means treating schools and educational institutions more like businesses and students/parents more like consumers. Key aspects include:

* Competition: Schools compete for students, funding, and reputation, often through league tables, inspections, and performance metrics.

* Choice: Parents and students are given more choice over which schools to attend, creating a "market" where schools try to attract students.

* Efficiency: There's an emphasis on cost-effectiveness and outcomes, often measured by standardized tests or graduation rates.

* Performance-related pay: Teachers' salaries might be linked to student performance or school results.

Privatization in education goes a step further than marketization. It involves the transfer of ownership, management, or funding of educational services from the public sector (the government) to private companies or organizations. This can take several forms:

* Private schools: Schools that are privately owned and funded, charging fees to students.

* Contracting out services: Public schools might hire private companies to provide services like catering, cleaning, IT support, or even teaching resources and curriculum development.

* For-profit education providers: Companies that run schools or educational programs with the goal of making a profit.

* Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) or Private Finance Initiatives (PFIs): Private companies build or manage school buildings, and the government pays them back over a long period.

How they relate to Globalization and Educational Policy:

Globalization plays a huge role in driving both marketization and privatization in education. Here's how:

1. Economic Competition: In a globalized world, countries compete economically. There's a widespread belief that a highly skilled workforce is crucial for national competitiveness. This leads governments to seek what they perceive as the most "efficient" and "effective" ways to deliver education, often looking to market-based solutions.

2. Influence of International Organizations: Bodies like the World Bank, IMF, and OECD often advocate for market-oriented reforms and private sector involvement in public services, including education, as conditions for loans or as best practice. They promote ideas like school choice, performance management, and standardized testing across borders.

3. Global Education Industry: The rise of multinational education companies means there's a global market for educational products, services, and even entire school chains. These companies can influence policy by lobbying governments and offering ready-made solutions.

4. Ideological Diffusion: Neo-liberal ideologies, which favor free markets, deregulation, and reduced state intervention, have spread globally. These ideas underpin the push for marketization and privatization in many countries.

5. Standardization and Benchmarking: Globalization encourages countries to compare their educational performance against international benchmarks (like PISA scores). This can pressure governments to adopt policies that are seen as successful elsewhere, which often include market-driven reforms.

In essence, globalization creates an environment where educational policies are increasingly influenced by international economic pressures and ideas, often leading to reforms that introduce more market mechanisms and private sector involvement into what was traditionally a state-run system.

Privatization in education and of education

1. What is Privatization in education (endogenous)?

2. Name 6 things this may involve?

3. What is Privatization in education (exogenous)?

4. Name 5 things this may involve?

5. What is marketisation?

1. Within schools and universities where they begin to operate like a private business

2. •Competition between schools for students

   • Performance related pay for teachers

   • Parental choice

   • League tables etc

   • OFSTED inspections

   • Independently managed academies and free schools

3. Privatization outside the education system. This involves opening up state education to private profit School

4. •School services such as the canteen and cleaners

   • Branding of schools

   • Running the exams system

   • School Inspections contracted out by OFSTED to TRIBAL or paid for by schools

   • Policy formation

5. The process of introducing market forces of consumer choice and competition between suppliers into areas run by the state.

Educational Policies:

1. Name 5 benefits to the education market that has come with education policies?

2. Name 5 benefits for the equality of opportunity(help disadvantaged kids) that has come with the introduction of education policies?

1. •Growing Independence of Schools

   •Parental choice and open enrolment

   •The national curriculum and national testing

•Ofsted and League Tables Pupil •Specialist schools

2. •More money for nursery education - Sure start centres

•Helping the most disadvantaged - extra money better paid teachers

•Introduction of academies/free schools

•Pupil premium - encourage schools to work harder for these pupils