Module 6: Data Gathering Techniques in Qualitative Research

Qualitative Interview

involves the researcher of his investigator interacting on a one-on-one interaction for in-depth responses.

Informal Interview

Casual conversation with a specific research purpose.

General Interview Guide

Structured approach ensuring no important points are missed.

Standard Open-Ended Questions

this type of interviews gives considerable scope for the respondent to answer fairly in detail hus own ideas and opinions on the particular topic instead of answering or tick marking the answer only

Closed Fixed Response Interview

Respondents select from pre-provided answers.

Interview Questions

Categories include behavior, opinions, feelings, knowledge.

Sequence of Questions

The rule is that the researcher should

start with some factual information such

as the date of birth, where they live etc.

and move on to other more subjective

questions.

Ethnographic Interviews

Are informal conversational interviews; they are emergent

and spontaneous. They usually occur in the field and sound

as though they are a casual exchange of remarks..

Informant Interview

used here to characterize participants who are veterans,

experienced insiders, key connectors within the scene and/or

mavens who "hoard and dispense certain kinds of cultural

capital in a scene"

Respondent Interview

Are those that take place among social actors who all hold

similar subject positions and have experiences that directly

attend to the research goals.

Narrative Interview

Are open-ended, relatively unstructured interviews that

encourage participants to tell stories rather than just answer

questions. Stories might relate to the participants, their

experiences, or the events they have witnessed.

Life-Story Interview

discuss their life as a whole, their

memories, and what they want others to know.

Discursive Interview

Pays attention to large structures of power that construct

and constrain knowledge and truth - and to how

interviewees draw upon larger structural discourses in

creating their answer.

Deliberate Naivete

It asks interviewers to drop any presuppositions and

judgment while maintaining openness to new and

unexpected findings

Collaborative Interviewing

Interviews are jointly created, so that the researcher

and the participant are on an even plane and can ask

questions of each other

Pedagogical Interviews

Not only ask participants for their viewpoints, but also

encourage researchers to offer expertise in the form

of knowledge or emotional support

Responsive Interviewing

Suggests that researchers have responsibilities for building a

reciprocal relationship, honoring interviewees with

unfailingly respectful behavior, reflecting on their own biases

and openly acknowledging their potential effect, and owning

the emotional effect of interviews.

Confrontational Interview

The interviewer may contradict or challenge the

interviewee and, in doing so, highlight their

differences of opinion

Wording Good Questions

Questions must be simple, clear, and focused.

Descriptive Questions

Inquire about specific details and experiences.

Comparative Questions

Ask participants to compare different experiences.

Evaluative Questions

Seek participants' judgments on specific topics.

Focus Group Discussion

Collective interview led by a moderator.

Key Features of Focus Groups

Includes organized discussion and social interaction.

Flow of a Focus Group

Structured process from welcome to ending questions.

Moderator Characteristics

Must avoid personal opinions and judgments.

Ethnography

Detailed description and understanding of cultures.

Participant Observation

Researcher engages in daily activities of subjects.

Entry, Field, & Building Rapport

Establishing trust and connection in research settings.

conceptual theoretical

constructs,

Research questions often include ___whereas interview questions must be simple,

jargon-free, and attend directly to the interests and

knowledge of interviewees

t

t or f

They are simple and clear. They avoid acronyms,

abbreviations, jargon, and scholarly talk.

f, They are not double-barreled but rather inquire about

one thing at a time.

t or f

a good question should be double-barreled but rather inquire about

one thing at a time.

t

t or f

In most cases, yes/no questions should be followed

by "In what ways?" or "How did that experience

unfold?

general question

An umbrella category for non-directive, non-threatening

queries that serve to generate (rather than dictate) frameworks

for talk. ü Tour

focus group

is a sort of collective

interview, directed by the researcher

(moderator), which exploits the interactive

potential of the situation in order to

generate rich data.