Early Civilizations

Egyptians

Africa along Nile River, Pyramids, Hieroglyphics, Pharaohs

Hittites

iron, military, improved chariots, modern day Turkey

Phoenicians

eastern Mediterranean, trade, ship builders, purple dye, alphabet

Israelites

founders of Judaism, herders, trade & craft production, King David, Torah

Akkadians

Mesopotamia, King Sargon, empire, conquered others, abacus

Babylonians

Mesopotamia, Code of Hammurabi, first to record laws

Assyrians

Tigris River, first library at Nineveh, fought using terror

Persians

Zoroastrianism, modern Iran, respected conquered people

Zoroastrianism

monotheistic, belief in one god, Persian religion, about good versus evil and your actions

Neolithic Age

domestication of plants and animals, sedentary

Paleolithic Age

hunting and gathering, nomadic

Fire

led to cooked meat, better nutrition, and brain advancement

Archaeology

study of past societies through analysis of items people left behind

Anthropology

study of human life & culture based on artifacts and human fossils

Prehistory

time before writing developed

Indus River Valley

large population, peaceful, city planning, plumbing

Theories on end of Indus River Valley

Conquered, Flood, Earthquake

Hammurabi's Code

Universal law code, "an eye for an eye"

Amenhotep IV

First monotheistic pharaoh

King Tutankhamen

Boy Pharaoh who was entombed with great riches

Pyramids of Giza

Tomb of king Khufu

Cuneiform

Form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.

Tigris and Euphrates

Two Rivers in Mesopotamia

Mojenjo-Daro

Largest settlement in the Indus River Valley, well planned, used a system of plumbing

Nile River

Flows south to north, annual flood allowed Egyptian kingdoms to develop along this river.