Historical Survey Essay Keywords

Napoleon 1796

storming of the bastille, french revolution, aristocracy fled, declaration of pillnitz, 【here】18 brumaire, battle of austerlitz, peace of tilsit,

illiberalism but less chaos than robespierre, universalism, challenge tradition but still authoritarianism

leeds 1786

domestic system, industrial revolution, john kay’s flying shuttle, arkwright’s water frame that improved hargreave’s jenny and factory system, watt and boulton’s separate condenser, 【here】the Great Divergence, luddites, factory acts, mine act

modernity vs tradition

metternich 1820

fall of napoleon sent to st.helena, congress of vienna, concert of europe, carlsbad decrees in response to karl sand killing august von kotzebue, 【here】holy alliance quadruple alliance, louis philippe overthrown, 1848 would follow, friedrich wilhelm reject crown

conservatism, restore tradition, no universalism, fear towards liberalism/nationalism/radicalism/popular sovereignty (not violently against, just wanted order)

carl schurz 1848

was a forty-eighter, due to widespread dissatisfaction, panic of 1847,【here】1848 revolutions, march demands popular sovereignty/franchise reform/universal manhood suffrage, march days friedrich wilhelm i seemingly shows sympathy for movement by calling off troops and mourning march dead but rejects Frankfurt constitution and crown because it involved constitutional monarchy with hereditary emperor and laws by parliament

nationalism, liberalism, radicalism, challenging conservatism after Napoleon, unity nationalism in germany and italy, autonomy nationalism in hungary kossuth

self help 1859

height of industrial revolution, growth of middle class, opposed poor law (less eligibility and workhouse test) and friendly society, proud biedermeier, separate spheres, marx and engels noticed how working and middle class conflicted

individualism, laissez faire, modernity, victorian middle class values, no socialism/Marxism

karl pearson 1900

traditionally theistic evolution, orthogenesis, but darwin beagle 13 finches thanks to henslow, influenced by charles lyell, publishes On the Origin of Species and the Descent of Man, raise cultural authority of science as a field of academia, not immediately accepted but changed 【here】social darwinism, didnt mean for it to be taken like that

modernism, social darwinisim, survival of the fittest

markievicz fianna eirann, 1900s

realpolitik in italy (cavour cedes savoy and nice to gain French support in the 2nd italian war of independence) and germany (bismarck blood and iron launches austro-prussian war to ensure prussian leadership and get austria out of the way for the later German Empire, launches franco-prussian war by manipulating ems dispatch to unite germans against a mutual enemy and use nationalism as a uniting force)

irish wanted independence, other parts wanted autonomy, ireland a bit different because it was grassroots instead of risorgimento, conservatism, nationalism

jules ferry late 1800s

peak of new imperialism, berlin conference, scramble for africa, effective occupation, fashoda crisis, gunboat diplomacy, battle of omdurman

new imperialism, social darwinism, white mans burden