T&M Final

What is normal distribution?

Bell shaped curve, shows that data near the mean is more frequent than it is away from the mean.

Ischemic stroke

Blockage or occlusion at arterial vessel

Hemorraghic stroke

Bursting of an artery with accumulation blood

Primary intracranial tumor

Found in cerebrum and cerebellum, can be benign or cancerous

Secondary intracranial tumor

Starts in one organ and migrates through blood, more deadly

Acquired neurological disorders

Vascular causes, traumatic causes, degenerative causes, infectious causes

Anomia

Inability to recall names of everyday objects

Aphasia

Absence of language

Apraxia

Motor speech disorder affecting the brain pathways involved in speech production

Articulation

The coordination of the oral articulators to produce speech sounds

Automatic speech

Something someone says without thinking about it

Cluttering

Affects fluency, language, speech, rate and often pragmatic issues with narratives and turn taking

Dementia

An acquired neurological syndrome characterized by persistent or progressive deterioration in intellectual functioning

Diadochokinesis

The ability to perform rapid alternating articulatory movements

Disfluency

Any disruption in the forward flow of speech

Distortion

Sounds are altered or changed

Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder in which the muscles you use to produce speech are damaged

Expressive abilities

Ability to communicate our thoughts and feelings through words, gestures, signs, and/or symbols

Fluency

The forward flow of speech

Intelligibility

The percentage of speech that a listener can understand

MLU

Average number of morphemes per utterance

Morpheme

The smallest unit of meaning in a language

Morphology

The structure and construction of words

Perseveration

The repetition of words, phrases, or sounds. Inability to change the topic of conversation

Phonology

The patterns of sounds in a language

Primary language

The language that someone uses most frequently to communicate with

Prognosis

An estimate of the future of someone or something, especially about whether a patient will recover from an illness

Prolongation

Involuntary lengthening of speech sounds

Prosody

The rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech

Receptive abilities

The ability to understand and comprehend spoken language that you hear or read

Alternate form reliability

Consistency between two forms of the same test

Test-retest reliability

Consistency of results of a test administered on two occasions

Intratester TRR

Consistent scores with same tester at two different times

Intertester TRR

Consistent scores with different tester

Split-half reliability

Consistency of difficulty across test items for tests not designed to progressively get more difficult

Semantics

The meaning in words and the relationship between words

Social (pragmatic) communication disorder

A persistent difficulty with verbal and nonverbal communication that cannot be explained by low cognitive ability

Stammer

A speech disorder involving frequent problems with the normal fluency and flow of speech

Syntax

The rules of word order and word combinations in order to form phrases and sentences

TBI

Causes damage to the brain that can result in speech, language, thinking, and swallowing problems

Face validity

Does the test measure what it says it does?

Content validity

Do the items on the test measure what we want them to assess?

Construct validity

What is the test’s ability to measure between assessed skills and other constructs such as age, sex, or IQ?

Predictive validity

What is the ability of the test to predict future performance or ability?

Mean

Average

Median

Score that falls in the physical middle of a list

Mode

Most frequent score

Z-score

Standard score, number of deviations from mean

Basal

The beginning point in which you start a test

Ceiling

The point in which the test stops after a determined amount of items are answered incorrectly

MLU

Number of morphemes per utterance

Standard deviation

Normal distribution

Cultural competence

Includes respect for cultures different from your own and allowing variance among individuals in a culture

Standard scores

100 indicates the mean, standard deviation of 15

Scaled scores

10 indicates the mean, standard deviation of 3

Percentile

How much of the population is above you