336 Final 😭

3 Spheres of Sustainability

Environment, economical, social

Elastic

Material returns to original state after stress is applied

Fracture Toughness

Amount of energy a material can absorb before fracture

Stainless Steel

~11% wt Cr allows it to be “stainless”

Griffith’s Experiment

X = Fiber thickness, Y = strength (negative parabolic slope)

Large Structure Tensile Strength

Larger than lab size specimen tensile strength

Why Ice Float

Crystalline structure allows space between molecules, causing the ice to float

FCC Proof

APF = Vol/a (a is given in equation sheet)

Role of Carbon in Steel

Provides toughness by increasing energy required to fracture

Corrosion

Chemical process that occurs by natural forces that deteriorate metal

Bulk Specific Gravity

SSD/SSD-bouyent

Aggregate Apparent SPG

SPG solid

ASR

Alkali Silica Reaction in which water is absorbed by silica, expanding portions of concrete, decreasing strength

Cement Hydration Reaction

C3S or C2S + H → CSH + CH

Stages of hydration

Batching, transportation, placement, finishing, curing, saw cutting

(Bring the poop fart clam salt)

Ternary diagram

counterclockwise by 25%

Pozzolanic reaction

A non-cementitious substance that contains silicate is finely divided and added to CH and water to form a cementitious substance

Porosity

Vvoid/Vtot (Void = water times w/c, total = void + hydrated times w/c)

Main Advantages of Composites

Lighter and Stronger

Matrix

“Glue”, particle, continuous

Reinforcement

“Fibers”. brittle, dispersed

Isotropic

Properties are uniform in different directions

Isostrain

Parallel, E = EpVp+EmVm

Isostress

Series: 1/E = Vm/Em + Vp/Ep

Creep

Stress is held constant, strain increases with time (draw graphs)

Relaxation

Constant deformation/strain

Soft/Hardwood

Mechanical properties

Vertical Cracking

Pipe shrinkage

Scaling

Flakes caused by excessive bleeding

Pop-out

Depression caused by swelling

Honeycomb

Paste doesn’t fill frameworks

Given Stress rate to find Loading Rate

Area times Stress Rate

Elastic Modulus of Concrete

57000sqrt(Fc’) (divide by sqrt(150) for psi)