World History Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from World History lecture notes (1200-Present).

Meritocracy

System of selecting officials based on merit rather than aristocratic or familial ties.

Tribute System

A system where conquered lands provide goods and services to the conquering power, demonstrating political dominance.

Delhi Sultanate

Islamic empire established in northern India, marked by constant tension between Hinduism and Islam.

Jizya

Tax imposed by Muslims on non-Muslims.

Bhakti Movement

Mystical movement within Hinduism emphasizing strong attachment to a particular deity.

Cahokia/Mississippian Culture

Civilizations of the Americas who built massive mounds and had a rigid caste system.

Mita System

System of mandatory public service used by the Inca.

Swahili

Bantu language mixed with Arabic, used in East Africa.

Feudalism

Strict hierarchical system based on land ownership and loyalty.

Feudalism - loyalty

Agreement between classes based on land-ownership, with loyalty exchanged for land and protection.

Three-field system

Innovation in agriculture that involved dividing fields into three parts, planting in two, and leaving one fallow.

Caravanserai

Motel-like structure along trade routes used as a resting stop for merchants.

Ibn Battuta

A Muslim scholar from Morocco who documented Islamic civilizations and Asia.

Neo-Confucianism

Religious syncretism where Confucianism was combined with Buddhism and Daoism.

Sunni vs Shi’a

Ottomans vs Safavid

Tax farming

Method of generating revenue for an empire by auctioning off the right to collect taxes.

Devshirme

Blood tax used by the Ottoman Empire to recruit young boys into the military and government.

Sikhism

Religious syncretism combining elements of Islam and Hinduism in India.

Portuguese Empire

A trading-post empire made up of small posts around African coast and Indian Ocean with the goal to possess a complete monopoly of spice trade

Mercantilism

Economic theory European countries followed; economic system of increasing wealth (gold and silver) and power by establishing colonies.

Encomienda system

Coerced labor system implemented by the Spanish where indigenous people worked on plantations.

Hacienda system

Land granted to important people by the Spanish in the Americas.

Mita system (Spanish)

System of coerced labor adopted by the Spanish from the Incas where young men were forced to work in silver mines.

Casta System

Social hierarchy based on race and ancestry implemented by the Spanish in their colonies.

Sunni vs Shia intensified relationship

Economic disputes and Atlantic Trade System/Triangular Trade

economic will

Economic and political control extered by certain states over other independent countries

Casta System

Social hierarchy based on race, heritage and ancestry

Enlightenment

European movement that shifted from belief to imperial data and observation.

Natural rights

The belief that people, by virtue of being human, possess certain rights that cannot be taken away by governments.

Social Contract

The agreement between the people and the government where people give up some rights in exchange for protection.

Laissez-faire

An economic system where governments do not interfere with the economy and allow supply and demand to regulate it.

Industrial Revolution

Transition from agrarian to industrial society marked by new manufacturing processes.

Communism

Economic system advocating for a classless society defined by equality.

Lebensraum

Policy of territorial conquest.

total war

Conscription using manpower to win a war.

Economic control (capitalism vs communism)

Historical economic concept

global influence

International military alliance that would influence NATO

containment

To spread communism, even if the leaders are evil

proxy wars

Wars where major powers use third parties as a substitute for fighting each other directly

Pan-Africanism

Meeting and movement to create a united Africa

Ukraine Famine

Famine in 1932-1933 under Stalin's order

US and Soviet Union become the two superpowers

The Cold War

Social Media

New technology that advanced at the greatest rate in human history.