RADPATHO MODULE 2 Disease Classifications

Congenital Diseases

diseases present at birth and result from genetic or environmental factors.

Hereditary Diseases

caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to child.

Sex-linked inheritance

genetic abnormality present on the sex chromosome.

Autosomal Inheritance

genetic abnormality present on one of the other 22 chromosomes.

Dominant

transmitted by a single gene from either parent

Recessive

transmitted by both parents to an offspring.

inflammatory disease

results from body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent.

Infective
Toxic
Allergic
Autoimmune

Types of Inflammatory Disease

Infective Disease

result from INVASION by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria or fungi.

Toxic

results from POISONING by biological substances.

Allergic

OVERREACTION of the body’s own defenses.

Autoimmune Disorders

associated with AUTOANTIBODIES

Autoantibodies

antibodies that form against and injure the patient’s own tissues.

Inflammatory reaction or information

generalized pathologic process that is NON SPECIFIC to the agent causing the injury.

Cellular Necrosis

leukocytes serve to remove dead material through phagocytosis

Infection

inflammatory process caused by a disease-causing organism

Virulence

organism can overcome body defenses

Tissue regeneration

damaged tissues are replaced by new tissues that are essentially identical.

most desirable type of repair

Fibrous connective tissue repair

alternative regeneration, leads to scarring and fibrosis

Degenerative disease

caused by deterioration of the body.

heredity

diet

environmental factors

rate of aging factors

Metabolic Disease

disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body.

Metabolism

sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body.

Endocrine Disorders

consists of hypersecretion, overactivity of the organ, insufficient secretion

Dehydration

most common disturbance of fluid balance

Electrolytes

Mineral salts dissolved in the body’s water.

Homeostatsis

body’s normal internal resting rate.

Traumatic Disease

result from MECHANICAL FORCES such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION on the human body.

disorders resulting from extreme heat or cold temperatures are also classified as ____.

Bruise/Contusion

bleeding into TISSUE SPACES

result of capillary rupture.

Wound

injury of soft parts.

rupture of skin.

results in abnormal tissue growth

Lesion

cellular change that can occur in response to disease.

Benign Neoplasm

localized and is generally noninvasive

Malignant Neoplasm

continues to grow, spread and invade other tissues.

Cancer

denotes various types of malignant neoplasms

Metastasis

spread of cancer cells

carcinoma

cancer from epithelial tissue

sarcoma

arises from connective tissue such as muscle or bone

surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy

primary treatment for neoplasms