Lab Quiz 1 (Bio2)

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86 Terms

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midsagittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left sides

<p>divides the body into equal right and left sides</p>
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Frontal plane

or coronal, disects into front (anterior) and rear (posterior) sections

<p>or coronal, disects into front (anterior) and rear (posterior) sections</p>
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Transverse Plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

<p>horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions</p>
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Thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

<p>contains heart and lungs</p>
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abdominal cavity

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs (digestive organs)

<p>Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs (digestive organs)</p>
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pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

<p>Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum</p>
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cranial cavity

contains the brain

<p>contains the brain</p>
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spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord

<p>contains the spinal cord</p>
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Epi-

surface

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Epithelial tissues

line body cavities and cover surfaces, found basically everywhere

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Epithelium classified based on 2 things:

cell shape and cell arrangement

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Simple Squamous

single layer of flat cells

<p>single layer of flat cells</p>
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Stratified squamous

multiple layers of flat cells

<p>multiple layers of flat cells</p>
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Simple cuboidal

single layer of cube shaped cells

<p>single layer of cube shaped cells</p>
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stratified cuboidal

multiple layers of cube shaped cells

<p>multiple layers of cube shaped cells</p>
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Simple columnnar

single row of collumn shaped cells

<p>single row of collumn shaped cells</p>
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Stratified columnar

multiple rows of collumn shaped cells

<p>multiple rows of collumn shaped cells</p>
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psuedostratified columnar

neither simple nor truly stratified

<p>neither simple nor truly stratified</p>
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transitional epithelium

stratified epithelium (multiple layers of cells) designed to stretch and recoil. generally in urinary system

<p>stratified epithelium (multiple layers of cells) designed to stretch and recoil. generally in urinary system</p>
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Connective tissue

unites parts of the body (connects stuff)

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Three basic features of connective tissues:

consits of cells

has fibers

features ground substance

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type of cell in cartiaginous connective tissue

chondrocytes (active form: chondroblast)

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many types of true connective tissue have this type of cell

fibrocytes (active form: fibroblasts) (make fibers)

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two main types of fibers?

Elastin fibers and collagen fibers

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Elastin fibers and collagen fibers, what are they?

elastin for stretch, collagen for strength

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Ground substance

gelatinous material that fills the extracellular space

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Extracellular Matrix ECM

includes ground substance and fibers as well.

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Flip to definition and say whats in the spaces

A - collagen fibers

B - blood vessel

C - collagen

D - ground substance

E - extracellular matrix

F - elastic fibers

<p>A - collagen fibers</p><p>B - blood vessel</p><p>C - collagen</p><p>D - ground substance</p><p>E - extracellular matrix</p><p>F - elastic fibers</p>
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3 types of cartilage in human body

hyaline cartilage

elastic cartilage

fibrocartilage

<p>hyaline cartilage</p><p>elastic cartilage</p><p>fibrocartilage</p>
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Types of connective tissue (4 listed)

proper connective tissue

cartilaginous connective tissue

blood

bones

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adipose tissue

composed of adipocytes which function to store fat

tiny globules of triglycerides are stored in the cytoplasm of these cells

type of loose connective

<p>composed of adipocytes which function to store fat</p><p>tiny globules of triglycerides are stored in the cytoplasm of these cells</p><p>type of loose connective</p>
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Dense regular connective tissue

densely packed collagen fibers

great strength

ligaments and tendons

<p>densely packed collagen fibers</p><p>great strength</p><p>ligaments and tendons</p>
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elastic tissue

often in arteries that need to stretch

type of dense connective

<p>often in arteries that need to stretch</p><p>type of dense connective</p>
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hyaline cartilage

where there is a need for rigid reinforcement

in joints and rigid rings in the airway (trachea)

mostly collagen fibers

mainly consist of chondrocytes and chondroblasts (sequestered in areas called lacunae)

<p>where there is a need for rigid reinforcement</p><p>in joints and rigid rings in the airway (trachea)</p><p>mostly collagen fibers</p><p>mainly consist of chondrocytes and chondroblasts (sequestered in areas called lacunae)</p>
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elastic cartilage

external ear and larynx

mostly elastic fibers for pliability

<p>external ear and larynx</p><p>mostly elastic fibers for pliability</p>
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fibrocartilage

even more collagen fibers than hyaline

stiff but strong

in the intervertebral discs

between two pubic bones in pubic symphsis

<p>even more collagen fibers than hyaline</p><p>stiff but strong</p><p>in the intervertebral discs</p><p>between two pubic bones in pubic symphsis</p>
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what type of tissue are bone and blood

connective tissue

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bone as a connective tissue

ECM dominates this tissue with type of bone mineral called hydroxyapatite (ground substance)

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blood as connective tissue

more cellular in nature with red and white blood cells representing cellular component

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two types of bone

spongy (cancellous) or compact (cortical) bone

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Spongy Bone

thousands of interconnecting bony plates called trabeculae

many open spaces that house portion of bone marrow

found in ends of long bonds as well as near the interior of both long and flat bones

<p>thousands of interconnecting bony plates called trabeculae</p><p>many open spaces that house portion of bone marrow</p><p>found in ends of long bonds as well as near the interior of both long and flat bones</p>
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compact bone

near outer edge of bone

strong

densly packed hydroxyapatite mineral

organized into osteons

lamellae are rings in osteons

lacunae are spaces in the lamellae in which osteocytes are found

osteocytes are responsible for maintaining the composition of the bony matrix

<p>near outer edge of bone</p><p>strong</p><p>densly packed hydroxyapatite mineral</p><p>organized into osteons</p><p>lamellae are rings in osteons</p><p>lacunae are spaces in the lamellae in which osteocytes are found</p><p>osteocytes are responsible for maintaining the composition of the bony matrix</p>
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areolar tissue

(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

found beneath dermis, surrounding blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and organs

thick lines are collagen fibers

thin lines are elastin fibers

dots are fibroblasts

<p>(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix</p><p>found beneath dermis, surrounding blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and organs</p><p>thick lines are collagen fibers</p><p>thin lines are elastin fibers</p><p>dots are fibroblasts</p>
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Integumentary System

includes skin and its associated structures such as hair, nails, and glands.

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Skin (integument) has two layers

epidermis and dermis

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epidermis

stratum corneum waterproof covering because of keratin

stratum basale regerative lauer divides and replenishes

<p>stratum corneum waterproof covering because of keratin</p><p>stratum basale regerative lauer divides and replenishes</p>
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Dermis

contains dense irregular connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, glands

<p>contains dense irregular connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, glands</p>
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eccrine gland

sweat gland (merocrine)

<p>sweat gland (merocrine)</p>
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axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum

<p>skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum</p>
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appendicular skeleton

limbs along with the girdles (pectoral and pelvic) which connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

<p>limbs along with the girdles (pectoral and pelvic) which connect the limbs to the axial skeleton</p>
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stratum corneum

superficial layer of epidermis

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stratum basale

deep layer of epidermis

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hair follicle

epidermal sheath, small, tube-like structure in the skin from which a hair grows

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dermal papilla

blood capillary

Definition: A small structure at the base of the hair follicle within the hair bulb.

Function:Contains blood capillaries that supply nutrients and oxygen to the hair matrix.Regulates the hair growth cycle (anagen, catagen, telogen).Supports melanocytes for hair pigmentation.

Importance: Without it, hair growth and health would be compromised.

<p>blood capillary</p><p>Definition: A small structure at the base of the hair follicle within the hair bulb.</p><p>Function:Contains blood capillaries that supply nutrients and oxygen to the hair matrix.Regulates the hair growth cycle (anagen, catagen, telogen).Supports melanocytes for hair pigmentation.</p><p>Importance: Without it, hair growth and health would be compromised.</p>
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arrector pili muscle

An involuntary muscle fiber attached to the underside & base of the hair follicle, makes hair stand

<p>An involuntary muscle fiber attached to the underside &amp; base of the hair follicle, makes hair stand</p>
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sweat gland and duct

tubule that sweat travels through

<p>tubule that sweat travels through</p>
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blood vessels

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

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dense irregular connective tissue

type of connective tissue that provides strength and flexibility to resist forces from multiple directions

collagen fibers arranged in random directions cause this

fibroblasts

<p>type of connective tissue that provides strength and flexibility to resist forces from multiple directions</p><p>collagen fibers arranged in random directions cause this</p><p>fibroblasts</p>
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sensory receptors

sense touch, pressure, vibration, pain or temperature

<p>sense touch, pressure, vibration, pain or temperature</p>
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sebaceous oil glands

Produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft, and prevent bacteria from growing on the skin

<p>Produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft, and prevent bacteria from growing on the skin</p>
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zygomatic bone

knowt flashcard image
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cervical spine

7

<p>7</p>
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thoracic

12

<p>12</p>
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lumbar

5

<p>5</p>
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how many ribs

12 pairs

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hyoid bone

knowt flashcard image
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pelvis

knowt flashcard image
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ilium

knowt flashcard image
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pubis

knowt flashcard image
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ischium

knowt flashcard image
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fibULA

knowt flashcard image
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osteon

structural unit of compact bone

<p>structural unit of compact bone</p>
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canaliculi

Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

<p>Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal</p>
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perforating canal

canal perpendicular to the central canal, carries blood vessels and nerves

<p>canal perpendicular to the central canal, carries blood vessels and nerves</p>
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concentric lamellae

layers of bony matrix around a central canal

<p>layers of bony matrix around a central canal</p>
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lacuna

small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

<p>small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes</p>
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osteocytes

mature bone cells

<p>mature bone cells</p>
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central canal

contains blood vessels and nerves (haversian canal)

<p>contains blood vessels and nerves (haversian canal)</p>
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marrow spaces (spongy bone)

-in between spicules and trabeculae

-location of marrow outside of marrow chambers

<p>-in between spicules and trabeculae</p><p>-location of marrow outside of marrow chambers</p>
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trabecula (spongy bone)

contains several layers of lamellae and osteocytes but is too small to contain osteons or vessels of it own

(the actual bone part)

<p>contains several layers of lamellae and osteocytes but is too small to contain osteons or vessels of it own</p><p>(the actual bone part)</p>
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osteoclast

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

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osteoblast

bone-forming cell

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papillary dermis

layer of dermis directly under the epidermis; rich in blood vessels and cappilaries

<p>layer of dermis directly under the epidermis; rich in blood vessels and cappilaries</p>