1/85
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
midsagittal plane
divides the body into equal right and left sides
Frontal plane
or coronal, disects into front (anterior) and rear (posterior) sections
Transverse Plane
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
Thoracic cavity
contains heart and lungs
abdominal cavity
Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs (digestive organs)
pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
cranial cavity
contains the brain
spinal cavity
contains the spinal cord
Epi-
surface
Epithelial tissues
line body cavities and cover surfaces, found basically everywhere
Epithelium classified based on 2 things:
cell shape and cell arrangement
Simple Squamous
single layer of flat cells
Stratified squamous
multiple layers of flat cells
Simple cuboidal
single layer of cube shaped cells
stratified cuboidal
multiple layers of cube shaped cells
Simple columnnar
single row of collumn shaped cells
Stratified columnar
multiple rows of collumn shaped cells
psuedostratified columnar
neither simple nor truly stratified
transitional epithelium
stratified epithelium (multiple layers of cells) designed to stretch and recoil. generally in urinary system
Connective tissue
unites parts of the body (connects stuff)
Three basic features of connective tissues:
consits of cells
has fibers
features ground substance
type of cell in cartiaginous connective tissue
chondrocytes (active form: chondroblast)
many types of true connective tissue have this type of cell
fibrocytes (active form: fibroblasts) (make fibers)
two main types of fibers?
Elastin fibers and collagen fibers
Elastin fibers and collagen fibers, what are they?
elastin for stretch, collagen for strength
Ground substance
gelatinous material that fills the extracellular space
Extracellular Matrix ECM
includes ground substance and fibers as well.
Flip to definition and say whats in the spaces
A - collagen fibers
B - blood vessel
C - collagen
D - ground substance
E - extracellular matrix
F - elastic fibers
3 types of cartilage in human body
hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage
Types of connective tissue (4 listed)
proper connective tissue
cartilaginous connective tissue
blood
bones
adipose tissue
composed of adipocytes which function to store fat
tiny globules of triglycerides are stored in the cytoplasm of these cells
type of loose connective
Dense regular connective tissue
densely packed collagen fibers
great strength
ligaments and tendons
elastic tissue
often in arteries that need to stretch
type of dense connective
hyaline cartilage
where there is a need for rigid reinforcement
in joints and rigid rings in the airway (trachea)
mostly collagen fibers
mainly consist of chondrocytes and chondroblasts (sequestered in areas called lacunae)
elastic cartilage
external ear and larynx
mostly elastic fibers for pliability
fibrocartilage
even more collagen fibers than hyaline
stiff but strong
in the intervertebral discs
between two pubic bones in pubic symphsis
what type of tissue are bone and blood
connective tissue
bone as a connective tissue
ECM dominates this tissue with type of bone mineral called hydroxyapatite (ground substance)
blood as connective tissue
more cellular in nature with red and white blood cells representing cellular component
two types of bone
spongy (cancellous) or compact (cortical) bone
Spongy Bone
thousands of interconnecting bony plates called trabeculae
many open spaces that house portion of bone marrow
found in ends of long bonds as well as near the interior of both long and flat bones
compact bone
near outer edge of bone
strong
densly packed hydroxyapatite mineral
organized into osteons
lamellae are rings in osteons
lacunae are spaces in the lamellae in which osteocytes are found
osteocytes are responsible for maintaining the composition of the bony matrix
Study
Study
Study
areolar tissue
(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix
found beneath dermis, surrounding blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and organs
thick lines are collagen fibers
thin lines are elastin fibers
dots are fibroblasts
Integumentary System
includes skin and its associated structures such as hair, nails, and glands.
Skin (integument) has two layers
epidermis and dermis
epidermis
stratum corneum waterproof covering because of keratin
stratum basale regerative lauer divides and replenishes
Dermis
contains dense irregular connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, glands
eccrine gland
sweat gland (merocrine)
axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum
appendicular skeleton
limbs along with the girdles (pectoral and pelvic) which connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
stratum corneum
superficial layer of epidermis
stratum basale
deep layer of epidermis
hair follicle
epidermal sheath, small, tube-like structure in the skin from which a hair grows
dermal papilla
blood capillary
Definition: A small structure at the base of the hair follicle within the hair bulb.
Function:Contains blood capillaries that supply nutrients and oxygen to the hair matrix.Regulates the hair growth cycle (anagen, catagen, telogen).Supports melanocytes for hair pigmentation.
Importance: Without it, hair growth and health would be compromised.
arrector pili muscle
An involuntary muscle fiber attached to the underside & base of the hair follicle, makes hair stand
sweat gland and duct
tubule that sweat travels through
blood vessels
tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body
dense irregular connective tissue
type of connective tissue that provides strength and flexibility to resist forces from multiple directions
collagen fibers arranged in random directions cause this
fibroblasts
sensory receptors
sense touch, pressure, vibration, pain or temperature
sebaceous oil glands
Produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft, and prevent bacteria from growing on the skin
zygomatic bone
cervical spine
7
thoracic
12
lumbar
5
how many ribs
12 pairs
hyoid bone
pelvis
ilium
pubis
ischium
fibULA
osteon
structural unit of compact bone
canaliculi
Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
perforating canal
canal perpendicular to the central canal, carries blood vessels and nerves
concentric lamellae
layers of bony matrix around a central canal
lacuna
small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
osteocytes
mature bone cells
central canal
contains blood vessels and nerves (haversian canal)
marrow spaces (spongy bone)
-in between spicules and trabeculae
-location of marrow outside of marrow chambers
trabecula (spongy bone)
contains several layers of lamellae and osteocytes but is too small to contain osteons or vessels of it own
(the actual bone part)
osteoclast
bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
osteoblast
bone-forming cell
papillary dermis
layer of dermis directly under the epidermis; rich in blood vessels and cappilaries