Module 2 The Organization of Information

What is Frequency Distributions?

A table reporting the number of observations
falling into each category of the variable.

Proportion (P)

a relative frequency
obtained by dividing the frequency in
each category by the total number of
cases

Percentage (%)

a relative frequency
obtained by dividing the frequency in
each category by the total number of
cases and multiplying by 100

N

total number of case

what are Proportions and percentages?

relative frequencies

What is Percentage Distributions?

A table showing the percentage of observations
falling into each category of the variable

Cumulative frequency distribution

a distribution showing the frequency at or below
each category (class interval or score) of the
variable.

Cumulative percentage distribution

a distribution showing the percentage at or below
each category (class interval or score) of the
variable.

What is Ratio?

• Is another way of summarizing results
• Used to compare number of cases in
categories of a variable
• Does not involve standardizing the
distribution to the base 100 or 1 as we did
with percentage and proportion
• Determined by dividing frequency of one
category by the frequency in another