Med term final

gastralgia

pain in the stomach

oral

pertaining to the mouth

anorexia

loss of appetite

hyperemesis

excessive vomiting

hepatomegaly

enlargement of the liver

cholelith

gallstone

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

toxicology

study of poisons

endoscopy

Visual examination of a cavity by using a lighted instrument

cholecystectomy

excision of the gallbladder

cystitis

bladder infection

sublingual

pertaining to under the tongue

choledocholith

stone in the bile duct

dyspepsia

difficult or painful digestion

volvulus

twisting of the bowel on itself

ulcer

This may develop from an erosion in the lining of esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

pharynx

Passageway to the respiratory and GI tracts

hemmoroids

Also knows as piles

sphincter

Circular band of muscle fibers that constrict a passage or close a natural opening of the body

Peristalsis

Coordinated, rhythmic muscle contractions that propel food through the GI tract

pylorus

Funnel-shaped terminal portion of the stomach

Liver

bile producer

Bilirubin

An excess of this in the blood produces jaundice

Antimetics

Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

saliva

Contains important enzymes that help begin the chemical breakdown of food

diverticulosis

Condition in which small, blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine

GI tract

digestive tube

colonoscopy

visual examination of the colon

jejunum

second part of the small intestine

soft palate

Forms a partition between the mouth and nasopharynx

large intestine

Extends from the ileum of the small intestine to the anus

Gallbladder

Releases bile to aid digestion

-pepsia

digestion

Hepatitis

inflammatory condition of the liver

duodenum

First part of the small intestine

parotid gland

one of three salivary glands

chol/e

bile, gall

cholesyst/o

gallbladder

coledoch/o

bile duct

col/o, colon/o

colon

dent/o, odont/o

teeth

duoden/o

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

enter/o

intestines (usually the small intestine)

gastr/o

stomach

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o, lingu/o

tongue

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

ileum (third part of small intestine)

jejun/o

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

or/o, stomat/o

mouth

pancreat/o

pancreas

proct/o

anus and rectum

rect/o

rectum

sial/o

saliva, salivary gland

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

tox/o, toxic/o

poison

-algia, -dynia

pain

-ectomy

excision, removal

-emesis

vomiting

-gram

record, writing

-graphy

process of recording

-iasis

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

-itis

inflammation

-lith

stone, calculus

-logist

specialist in the study of

-logy

study of

-megaly

enlargement

-oma

tumor

-osis

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

-phagia

swallowing, eating

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhea

discharge, flow

-scope

instrument for examining

-scopy

visual examination

-stenosis

narrowing, stricture

-stomy

forming an opening (mouth)

-tome

instrument to cut

-tomy

incision

dys

bad, painful, difficult

peri-

around

obesity

excessive fatness

stoma

mouth, opening

Bolus

A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva

ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

laxative

drug used to induce emptying of the intestinal tract

diverticulitis

inflammation of the diverticula

polyp

growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane

colostomy

This surgical opening into the colon is also known as:

barium enema

An x-ray exam using an opaque contrast medium to examine the lower GI tract

gallstone

cholelith

appendectomy

surgical removal of the appendix

Hernias

Protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening

Duodenectomy

surgical removal of the duodenum

Jejunum

second part of the small intestine

Ileorrhaphy

suture of the ileum

Sigmoidoscopy

visual examination of the sigmoid colon

Cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

Pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

Hepatomegaly

enlargement of the liver