Chemistry - Chapter 8

a nonpolar covalent bond is unlikely if the two different nonmetal atoms different in

electronegativity

what is it necessary to know to draw a Lewis dot structure

which atoms are in the molecule, the number of valence electrons for each atom, the number of atoms in the molecule

multiple covalent bonds form in molecules that contain what

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

Octet Rule

the principle that states that atoms tend to form compounds in which each atom (except H) has eight electrons in its highest occupied energy level (valence shell)

non polar covalent bond

covalent bond where the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons

diatomic molecule

molecule containing two atoms

what can be determined by the differences in the electronegativity

the degree to which bonding between atoms of two elements is ionic or covalent

molecule

neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

chemical formula

shorthand representation of the composition of a substance using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts

double bond

a covalent bond between two atoms produced by sharing two pairs of electrons

dissociation energy

the energy required to break a chemical covalent bond and form neutral isolated atoms

polyatomic ion

a group of covalently bonded atoms that carry a charge

what molecule can form a hydrogen bond with a water molecule

NH₃

sigma bond

a bond formed when two atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical along the axis connecting the two atomic nuclei

Pi bond

a bond in which the bonding electrons are most likely to be found in the sausage-shaped regions above and below the nuclei of the bonded atoms

VSEPR theory

states that because electron pairs repel, molecules adjust their shapes so that valence-electron pairs are as far apart as possible

hybridization

a bond formed when two atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical along the axis connecting the two atomic nuclei

linear molecule

a term used to describe the shape of certain molecules such as CO₂

non polar covalent bond

a bond formed when the atoms in a molecule are alike and the bonding electrons are shared equally

polar covalent bond

a bond formed when 2 different atoms are joined by a covalent bond and the bonding electrons are shared unequally

polar molecule

a molecule in which one end is slightly positive and one end is slightly negative

Van Der Waals forces

term used to describe the weakest intermolecular attractions; these include dispersion forces and dipole interactions

network solid

a substance in which all of the atoms are covalently bonded to each other