Evidence for Electron Structure

2.9979×10^8 m/s

Speed of all electromagnetic radiation (this includes visible light)

Wavelength, frequency, and speed

Three things that characterize waves

Electromagnetic radiation

Energy travels through space as what?

wavelike

All types of electromagnetic radiation exhibit ________ behavior

λ

Symbol that represents Wavelength

Wavelength

The distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs on the wave

ν

Symbol that represents frequency

Frequency

Number of waves or cycles that pass a given point in space per second.

c = λν

The relationship between the frequency and wavelength

c

Symbol that represents the speed of light

7.402×10^14 s^-1

Frequency of the purple light

4.612×10^14 s^-1

Frequency of the red light

257 nm

The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation produced by an ultraviolet laser.

separates, wavelength

A prism or grating _________ light/electromagnetic radiation according to __________

Spectrum

The resulting pattern through spectrum or grating.

Continuous spectrum

The spectrum produced for a filament lamp;

Contains all wavelength of light without any breaks.

Line spectrum

The spectrum produced by the laser;

Contains only discrete wavelength.

Electrical energy

_________________, in the laser, from its battery, raises atoms from their ground state to an excited state.

emitted, atoms, ground state

Light of a specific wavelength is _______ when _____ return to their ____________

Quantization

A term used to describe how energy travels in discrete or individual packets

Photons

Individual packets of photon

E = hν

Equation for the energy of an individual photon

h

Symbol that represents Planck’s constant

6.626×10^-34 J.s

Value of the Planck’s constant

energy, electron, atom

The energy of the photon is related to the changes in the ______ of the ________ in the ____

The Bohr Model of Hydrogen atom

The model that explains how electron transitions produce the line spectra we see in the discharge lamp

-2.180×10^-18 J

Orbit energy value for orbit n1

ΔEatom = Enfinal - Eninitial

Formula for the energy of electron in the atom

-5.450×10^-19 J

Orbit energy value for orbit n2

-ΔEatom

Indicates that the energy is getting released as a photon

+ΔEatom

Indicates that a photon is getting absorbed by an atom and the electron moves up in the n-value

-2.422×10^-19 J

Orbit energy value for orbit n3

-1.362×10^-19 J

Orbit energy value for orbit n4

-8.720×10^-19 J

Orbit energy value for orbit n5

-6.056×10^-20 J

Orbit energy value for orbit n6

Z

Symbol in the orbit’s energy equation that represents the charge of the nucleus.

En = -2.180×10^-18*(Z²/n²)J

Equation for the energy of an orbit

ejected

If enough energy is absorbed, an electron will be _______

Photoelectron

An ejected electron

Ground state

The most stable state of the atom

Ionization energy

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its ground state

-13.6 eV

Value of the ionization energy

1.602×10^-19 J

One electron volt

Gamma rays

Type of lights to have the wavelength range from 10^-10 to 10^-12

X rays

Type of lights to have the wavelength range from 10^-8 to 10^-10

Ultraviolet rays

Type of lights to have the wavelength range from 10^-4 to 10^-8

Infrared waves

Type of lights to have the wavelength range from 10^-2 to 10^-4

Microwaves

Type of lights to have the wavelength range from 10² to 10^-2

Radio waves

Type of lights to have the wavelength range from 10^4 to 10²

FM, Shortwave, and AM

Three types of Radio waves