Phsyc final pt 1

Addiction

Characterized by an inability to control substance use despite a desire to cut down or stop, leading to increased consumption.

Neurobiological Basis of Addiction

Addiction is recognized as a brain disease due to its effects on brain structure and function, particularly in the reward pathways.

Tolerance

Occurs when larger amounts of a substance are needed to achieve the same effect.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Severe symptoms that can include physical and psychological effects when substance use is ceased.

Symptoms of Intoxication

Reversible symptoms that are specific to the substance used, affecting both physical and psychological functioning.

Alcohol Intoxication 0.15 BAC SX

Gross motor impairment, blurred vision, and reduced euphoria.

Alcohol Intoxication 0.40 BAC SX

Risk of coma or death due to impaired vital signs.

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

Neurological symptoms resulting from thiamine deficiency due to chronic alcohol use.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs)

A range of effects in individuals exposed to alcohol in utero, leading to physical, mental, and behavioral disabilities.

Delirium Tremens (DTs)

Severe withdrawal syndrome characterized by confusion, hallucinations, and seizures, occurring within the first 72 hours of cessation.

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Medication used to create aversive reactions to alcohol, promoting abstinence.

Effective Communication in Treatment

Essential for helping patients express their feelings and needs effectively.

Safety during Behavioral Crises

The primary focus is to ensure safety for both the patient and staff.

Recurrence Prevention in Behavioral Crises

Strategies implemented to reduce the likelihood of future crises.

Seclusion and Restraints

Interventions that require careful consideration and a physician's order, primarily used when immediate safety cannot be ensured by other means.

Nursing Care During Restraint and Seclusion

Involves constant monitoring, provision of nutritional needs, and emotional support for the patient.

Psychological Dependence

A condition where a person feels compelled to use a substance to cope with emotional or psychological challenges.

Substance Use Disorder

A medical condition characterized by an individual's inability to control their use of a substance, leading to significant impairment or distress.

Harm Reduction

A set of practical strategies aimed at reducing the negative consequences of substance use without necessarily requiring abstinence.

Cravings

Intense, overwhelming urges to use a substance that can occur during recovery.

Abstinence

Voluntary refraining from using a substance, often a goal in addiction treatment.

Intervention Strategies

Planned methods to address substance use issues, often involving support from friends and family.

Support Groups

Volunteer-based groups that provide peer support to individuals in recovery from addiction.

Relapse

The return to substance use after a period of abstinence.

Motivational Interviewing

A counseling approach designed to help individuals increase their motivation to change their behavior.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A therapeutic approach that helps individuals change patterns of thinking or behavior that contribute to substance abuse.