Canine and Feline Breeds and Life Stages

Lecture 2

What is a dog breed?

something that breeds true, you get the same thing every time

What are the dog breed groups?

sporting

working

herding

hound

toy

terrier

non-sporting

What breed group is naturally active and alert, make likable and well-rounded companions, need regular exercise, and have superior instincts in water and the woods?

sporting group

What group do spaniels, pointers, retrievers, and setters belong to?

sporting group

These dogs belong to which breed group?

sporting group

What breed group includes quick learners that are intelligent, strong, watchful, and alert, are bred to assist, excel at jobs such as guarding, pulling sleds, and performing water rescues, and are naturally protective so they require proper training and socialization?

working group

The great pyrenees, mastiff, great dane, siberian husky, cane corso, rottweiler, bullmastiff, saint bernanrd, boxer, and doberman pinscher are all in what breed group?

working group

These dogs belong to what breed group?

working group

What breed group has an instinctual ability to control the movement of other animals, is great at gthering, herding and protecting livestock, and includes intelligent dogs that make excellent companions and respond well to training exercises but bay try and herd family members and children?

herding group

The australian shepherd, Australian cattle dog, german shepherd, collie, border collie, cardigan welsh corgi, and belgian malinois are a part of what breed group?

herding group

These dogs belong to which breed group?

herding group

What breed group includes those used for hunting, their ability to follow a scent, stamina to run down prey, and some are able to produce a sound known as baying?

hound group

What breed group includes dachshund, treeing walker, beagle, bluetick coonhound, greyhound, collie, plott hound, and basset hound?

hound group

These dogs belong to which group?

hound group

What breed group is small in size but not short on personality, affectionate, sociable and adaptable, smart and full of energy?

toy group

What breed group is feisty and energetic, eager for an argument, breed to hunt and kill vermin and to guard families?

terrier group

What breed group includes brussels griffon, chihuahua, chinese crested, yorkshire terrier, havanese, japanese chin, maltese, miniature pinscher, pomeranian, toy poodle, shihtzu, and pug?

toy group

What breed group includes the staffordshire bull terrier, west highland white terrier, american staffordshire terrier, rat terrier, bull terrier, scottish terrier, cairn terrier, and airedale terrier?

terrier group

These dogs belong to which breed group?

toy group

These dogs belong to which breed group?

terrier group

Which breed group includes the dalmatian, chow chow, french bulldog, chinese star-pei, keeshond, bichon frise, bulldog, standard poodle, shiba inu, lhasa apso, boston terrier, schipperke, and american eskimo dog?

non-sporting group

These dogs belong to which breed group?

non-sporting group

What is known as the combination of elongated soft palate, stenotic nares, and everted laryngeal saccules?

brachycephalic syndrome

What is the term for “short nosed”?

brachycephalic

What is the term for “elongated nose”?

dolichocephalic

What is the term for “square skulled”?

mesocephalic

The american bully, affenpinscher, american bulldog, chow chow, french bulldog, bulldog, cane corso, boston terrier, bullmastiff, and boxer are all what?

brachycephalic “short nosed”

All of these dogs have what in common?

brachycephalic “short nosed”

Dolichocephalic “elongated nose” dogs are prone to what?

fungal disease (nasal Aspergillosis)

The standard poodle, dachshund, great dane, doberman pinscher, siberian husky, german shepherd, basset hound, whippet, greyhound, and italian greyhound are all what?

dolichocephalic “elongated nose”

All of these dogs have what in common?

dolichocephalic “elongated nose”

All of these dogs have what in common?

mesocephalic “square skulled”

What canine life stage starts and birth and ends at 6-9 months of age or the end of rapid growth?

puppy

What canine life stage starts at 6-9 months of age and ends at 3-4 years of age which is when the completion of physical and social maturity occurs?

young adult

What canine life stage starts at 3-4 years of age and ends at the beginning of the last 25% of the estimated lifespan which is breed and size dependent?

mature adult

What canine life stage starts at the last 25% o the estimated lifespan and ends at the end of life?

senior

What are the three categories of the animal hospice care pyramid?

emotional

social

physical

What is considered in the emotional portion of the animal hospice care pyramid?

dignity

will to live

stress reduction

What is considered in the social portion of the animal hospice care pyramid?

engagement with family

engagement with other pets

mental stimulation

What is considered in the physical portion of the animal hospice care pyramid?

pain management

management of clinical signs

hygiene

nutrition

mobility

safety and environment

What is commonly used to differentiate cats?

color

Define polydactyl.

cat with too many toes

What are the common feline colors?

tabby

calico (orange/red, black, and white)

tortoiseshell (little to no white)

tuxedo (black and white)

solid/dilutes (black, white, grey, orange)

bi-colored/tri-colored

colors with points

What feline breeds are brachycephalic?

himalayan

persian

What feline breeds are mesocephalic?

bengal

maine coon

DLH

DSH

DMH

Are most cats brachycephalic, mesocephalic, or dolichocephalic?

mesocephalic

What feline breeds are dolichocephalic?

abysinnian

siamese

somali

sphynx

What feline life stage is from birth up to 1 year?

kitten

What feline life stage is from 1-6 years?

young adult

What feline life stage is from 7-10 years?

mature adult

What feline life stage is >10 years?

senior

What aspected of wellness should be considered at each life stage?

physical exam

patient safety

zoonotic disease

behavior

nutrition

parasites

vaccinations

dental health

reproduction

What should be discussed during the physical exam of a puppy?

identification such as microchipping

congenital disorders and examining every 3-4 weeks

vaccinations

What should be discussed during the physical exam of a young adult canine?

congenital disorders

special needs such as working/service dog

educate on osteoarthritis and discuss activity and examination every 6 months-1 year

What should be discussed during the physical exam of a mature adult canine?

working/service dog

signs of osteoathrtitis and examination every 6-12 months

What should be discussed during the physical exam of a senior canine?

educate client on osteoarthritis and more frequent examinations and appropriate diagnostic screening tests

cognitive function

What should be discussed during the physical exam of a kitten?

predisposition to diseases and congenital/genetic concerns

murmurs, hernias, dentition, weight, bus, spay/neuter, microchipping

What should be discussed during the physical exam of a young adult feline?

discuss vomiting, hairballs, diarrhea, grooming habits, and behavior

cardiovascular, dermatologic findings, periodontal disase and tooth resorption

spay/neuter

base line cbc/chem/ua

What should be discussed during the physical exam of a mature adult and senior feline?

minimum of yearly exams, every 6 months after 10 years and more frequently with disease

appetite, hydration, PU/PD/PP, vomiting, diarrhea

nocturnal activity, vocalization, cognitive decline

mobility, vision, grooming, masses

oral exam, abdominal palpation, opthalamic exam (fundic), cardiovascular, muscoloskeletal exam, thyroid and kidney palpation

pain assessment

lab work - cbc/chem/ua/t4

What should we consider as far as pet lifestyle and safety risks for senior canines?

environmental adaptations for mobility, sight, and hearing

What should we consider as far as pet lifestyle and safety risks for puppies and young adult canines?

increased awareness of hazards (plants, puppy proofing, foreign bodies)

What should we consider as far as pet lifestyle and safety risks for kittens and young adult felines?

toys and string

plants (true Lillies)

insecticides

rat poison

What should we consider as far as pet lifestyle and safety risks for mature adult and senior felines?

same as younger cats

human pain medications

ability to move around and get in/out of litter box

cognitive function

loss of sight or hearing

What should we consider as far as pet lifestyle and safety risks for all felines?

are they indoor or outdoor?

What should we discuss concerning behavior at the puppy stage?

socializing and handling

problem behaviors

trainers

address desensitization/grooming needs

discuss bite inhibition

discuss the benefits to crate training, housetraining, safety, and comfort

What should we discuss concerning behavior at the young adult canine stage?

evaluate current behavior, concerns from the owner

can be a cause of euthanasia

house training, separation anxiety, unruly behaviors, storm and nose phobias, aggression, social relationships

training classes for behavior, socialization, and well being

trainer

encourage adult training and active lifestyle based on individual

What should we discuss concerning behavior at the mature adult/senior canine stage?

same as young adult plus evaluation for cognitive changes, anxiety/phobias and cognitive dysfunction

What should we discuss concerning behavior at the kitten stage?

socialization

acclimating to handling, brushing, nail trimming, grooming and medication administration

acclimating to carriers, cars, and veterinary visits

hands and feet should not be used as toys - to prevent aggressive behavior in the future

encourage teaching using positive reinforcement

What should we discuss concerning behavior at the young adult feline stage?

inter-cat interaction may decline

human/cat interactions may change with maturity and following stressful events

continue to encourage manipulation of mouth/ears/paws and positive reinforcement

any changes

What should we discuss concerning behavior at the mature adult/senior feline stage?

needs may change, not “just an old age thing”

cognitive function

increased vocalization

eliminating outside the litter box

What should we consider for kittens as far as elimination?

litterbox setup, cleaning, and normal elimination behavior

litter preference

What should we consider for young adult felines as far as elimination?

litter box size

number of cats (determines number of litterboxes)

What should we consider for mature adult and senior felines as far as elimination?

litterbox size and location

DJD concerns

What should we consider for puppies as far as nutrition?

begin appropriate feed/water habits

What should we consider for young adult canine as far as nutrition?

breed and target weight

monitor weight after spay/neuter

emphasize weight control (dogs that are leaner live longer)

What should we consider for nature adult canines as far as nutrition?

breed/target weight

monitor MCS vs BCS

remind owner what is ideal

longevity and OA

What should we consider for senior canine as far as nutrition?

comorbidities (OA and obesity)

MCS and mobility

BCS and weight control

What should we consider for kittens as far as nutrition?

diet - quality, amount, frequency based on bcs and mcs

variety of textures and flavors

food storage toys and puzzles

What should we consider for young adult felines as far as nutrition?

weight gain, bcs, mcs

enrichment and play

disease predisposition

What should we consider for mature adult and senior felines as far as nutrition?

weight gain/loss, bcs, mcs

change in appetite or weight

therapeutic diets

During all life stages, what should we discuss with pet owners?

zoonotic diseases

What should be done for parasite control during all life stages?

year round control of intestinal parasites (routine IPS 1-4 per year)

year round heartworm preventative (test annually)

year round flea and tick control (test annually)

What is different for puppies/kittens in regards to parasite control compared to older life stages?

discuss prevalence with owners

multiple fecals needed (not just annual)

zoonotic potential

begin deworming at 2 wks of age and repeat every 2 wks until on year round control

start heartworm preventative as early as label allows

start on flea/tick control as early as label allows

Antibody titer testing is available in place of which canine vaccines?

CDV, DPV, CAV2

Canine non-core vaccines are boostered how often?

yearly as needed

Canine core vaccines are boostered how often?

after initial puppy vaccinations, booster at 1 year and then every 3 years

When is the FVRCP vaccine administered?

8, 12, and 16 weeks of age then booster at 6 mo-1 year then every 1-3 years

When is the FeLV vaccine administered?

12 and 16 weeks of age then boostered at 1 year and then every 1-3 years as needed based on risk

When is the feline rabies vaccine administered?

12 or 16 weeks of age depending on label then boostered at 1 year then every 1-3 years depending on the label and state/county/town laws

At what feline life stage to we begin to consider the risk/benefit of vaccinations?

senior (>10 years)

What should you discuss with owners regarding dental health at the puppy stage?

deciduous teeth, occlusion, extra or missing teeth

let client know puppies will lose teeth

What should you discuss with owners regarding dental health at the yound adult through senior canine life stages?

consider dental cleanings and radiogrpahs

evaluate gingiva, plaque, calculus, missing teeth

increased quality of life by allowing pets to have a pain free mouth

What should you discuss with owners regarding dental health at the kitten stage?

acclimatae to mouth handling, brushing or wiping teeth

What should you discuss with owners regarding dental health at the young adult feline stage?

preventative care, dental diet if needed, gingivitis, resorption lesions

What should you discuss with owners regarding dental health at the mature adult and senior feline stage?

preventative care, gingivitis, resorption lesions, masses, dental pain

What reproductive concerns should be discussed for canines?

should be discussed for all intact dogs, even at the puppy stage

discuss disease processes that can occur such as pyometra or enlarged prostate

if breeding pets, discuss brucellosis

as pets get older, monitor for signs of mammary neoplasia, testicular neoplasia an prostatic disease

What reproductive concerns should be discussed for felines?

should be discussed at the kitten stage

inform owners they can have multiple litters within a year

educate owners that cats are induced ovulators

What feline diseases require extra attention in young adults?

feline bronchial disease

cardiomyopathy

chronic enteropathy

feline cystitis, urolithiasis

atopic dermatitis, FAD, non-food allergic dermatitis

systemic fungal disease

FIP

What feline diseases require extra attention in mature adults and seniors?

GI lymphoma, IBD
chronic kidney disease

hyperthyroidism

diabetes mellitus

neoplasia

cognitive disease syndrome

periodontal disease and tooth resorption

DJD

What feline diseases require extra attention in abyssinian kittens?

renal amyloidosis

dilated cardiomyopathy