RA - Bones, Muscles, & Face shapes

Occipitofrontalis

•Two (left and right)

•This muscle covers the top of the skull. It is named after its two parts: occipitalis (back part of the head) and frontalis (front part of the head)

•It draws the scalp posteriorly and anteriorly, causing eyebrows to raise and wrinkles to form on the forehead.

Temporalis

•Two (left and right)

•This muscle arising in the temporal cavity and inserting in the mandible

•A muscle of mastication and is the strongest chewing muscle. It closes the mandible and assists in side to side movement of the mandible

Masseter

•Two (left and right)

•This muscle arising from the zygomatic arch and inserting in the mandible

•Muscle of mastication. It closes the mandible

Orbicularis oculi

•Two (left and right)

•This sphincter muscle surrounds the eye socket

•Closes the eyelid and compresses the lacrimal sac

Corrugator

•Two (left and right)

•A pyramid shaped muscle of facial expression. This muscle lies beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi. Also known as the frowning muscle

•Draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially, as in frowning

Levator palpebrae superioris

•Two (left and right)

•This muscle of facial expression that runs from the inside of the eye socket to the upper tarsal plate of the eyelid.

•It raises the upper eyelid

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

•Two (left and right)

•A muscle of facial expression

•Raises the upper lip and dilates nostrils

Levator labii superioris

•Two (left and right)

•A muscle of facial expression

•Elevates and extends the upper lip

Levator anguli oris

•Two (left and right)

•A small muscle at the angle of the mouth

•Elevates the angle of the lip

Zygomaticus minor

•Two (left and right)

•A muscle of the face

•Draws upper lip

1. superiorly

2. laterally

Zygomaticus major

•Two (left and right)

•A muscle of the face

•Draws upper lip

1.Posteriorly

2.Superiorly

3.laterally

Buccinator

•Two (left and right)

•The principle muscle of the cheek. It makes up part of the angulus oris eminence

•Compresses the cheek and it pulls the anguli oris posteriorly. It is called the trumpeter muscle and is used when sucking

Risorius

•Two (left and right)

•Extends from the skin over the masseter muscles to the corners of the mouth

•Draws the corners of the mouth posteriorly

Depressor anguli oris

•Two (left and right)

•A muscle of facial expression that arises from the mandible to insert into the anguli oris

•Depresses the angle of the mouth

Platysma

•Two (left and right)

•A thin layer of muscle covering the anterior aspect of the neck

•Wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest also depresses the mandible and anguli oris as in pouting

Sternocleidomastoid

•A thick muscle that originates from the head of the sternum and clavicle, and inserts at the mastoid process of the temporal bone

•Rotates and depresses the head

Digastric

•A double bellied muscle of the neck which attaches to the mastoid process and the mandible

•Draws the hyoid bone posteriorly

Frontalis

What is this?

Procerus

What is this?

Corrugator

What is this?

Temporalis

What is this?

Levator palebra Superioris

What is this?

Orbicularis Oculi

What is this?

Nasalis

What is this?

Risoris

What is this?

Depressor Anguli Oris

What is this?

Depressor Labii Inferioris

What is this?

Mentalis

What is this?

Orbicularis Oris

What is this?

Levator Labii Superioris Alaque Nasi

What is this?

Levator Labii Superioris

What is this?

Zygomatic Minor

What is this?

Zygomatic Major

What is this?

Buccinator

What is this?

Masseter

What is this?

Platysma

What is this?

Parietal

What is this?

Squamosal Suture

What is this?

Temporal

What is this?

External Auditory Meatus

What is this?

Lambdiodal Suture

What is this?

Occipital

What is this?

Mandibular Condyle

What is this?

Coronoid Process

What is this?

Mastoid Process

What is this?

Mandibular Ramus

What is this?

Mental Eminence

What is this?

Mental Foramen

What is this?

Mandible

What is this?

Alveolar Margins

What is this?

Maxilla

What is this?

Zygomatic

What is this?

Nasal

What is this?

Sphenoid

What is this?

Frontal

What is this?

Coronal Suture

What is this?

Occipital

Lowest part of the back of the base of the cranium, forming the cradle of the brain.Articulates with the parietal bone at the lambdoidal suture and the temporal bone at the squamosal suture

Foramen magnum

an opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord, spinal arteries and nerves pass.

Parietal

These bones create the superior portion of the sides and back of the cranium as well as the posterior 2/3 of the roof of the cranium. Articulates with the occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture, frontal bone at the coronal suture, and the opposite side parietal with the sagittal suture

Temporal

Comprises the inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium. They are located inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone. Articulates with the parietal bone at the squamosal suture, occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture, and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.

Squama

Thin superior part of the temporal bone

External auditory meatus

Opening of the ear passage in front of the mastoid process

Zygomatic arch

A long thin arched process extending anteriorly from the squama to the zygomatic bone. Determines the widest part of the face

Mastoid process

Rounded projection of the inferior portion of the temporal bone just medial to the lobe of the ear

Mandibular fossa

Small oval depression or socket on the underside of the temporal bone

Frontal

The anterior 1/3 of the cranium forming the forehead and part of the eye sockets and the most anterior of the cranial floor. It makes up the vertical plane of the forehead and the horizontal plane of the crown. It articulates with the parietal bones at the coronal suture

Frontal eminence

Rounded prominences on either side of the median line and a little inferior to the center of the frontal bone. A warm area of the face

Supraorbital Margin

The superior rim of the eye socket

Supraciliary Arches

The inferior part of the forehead just superior to the medial ends of the eyebrows

Nasal

These bones lie directly inferior to the glabella. They form the bridge of the nose and the dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity. They articulate with each other and the frontal bone to form the root of the nose

Glabella

An elevation between the supraciliary arches on the inferior part of the frontal bone immediately above the root of the nose

Zygomatic

The diamond shaped bones that form the cheekbones. They are located on the frontal and lateral planes of the face. The bones form part of the inferior and lateral surfaces of the orbital cavity. Articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.

Maxilla

The bones of the upper jaw. The skeletal base for most of the superior portion of the face, anterior portion of the mouth, sides and floor of the nasal cavity, and the floor of the eye orbits. Articulate with each other, forming the nasal spine, a small bony process at the base of the nose

Nasal spine

The sharp bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity

Alveolar process

Bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth

Frontal process

The ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises to meet the frontal bone

Mandible

Horseshoe shaped bone forming the lower jaw, it consists of the body and ramus

Mental eminence

A triangular projection on the inferior of the anterior mandible

Coronoid process

Thin flat process projecting from the anterior portion of the upper ramus

Mandibular condyle

Round prominence that articulates with the temporal bone

Concave

The forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows, the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip

Convex

The forehead recedes posteriorly from the eyebrows, while the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip.

Vertical

The chin, forehead, and upper lip all project to an imaginary vertical line. Not any one feature protrudes or recedes more than another

Vertical Convex

The forehead and eyebrows project equally to an imaginary line and the chin recedes less than the upper lip

Convex Concave

The forehead recedes from the eyebrows and the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip

Concave Convex

The forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows and the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip

Convex Vertical

The forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin and upper lip project equally to an imaginary line.

Concave Vertical

The forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the upper lip and chin project equally to n imaginary line

Vertical Concave

The forehead and eyebrows project to an imaginary line and the chin protrudes more than the upper lip

Bi-Parietal Width

The widest part of the cranium and skull - measured by a straight line across the parietal eminences

Bi-Zygomatic Width

The widest part of the face (5 eye widths) - measured by a straight line from the peak of one zygomatic arch to the peak of the other zygomatic arch

Bi-Mandibular Width

The widest part of the jaw - measured by a straight line across the angles of the jaw

Oval

This is the ideal shape and the most common shape. Cheekbones are wider than the cranium and the cranium is slightly wider than the lower jaw

Round

Short with round cheeks and a rounded, fuller jawline and a rounded cranium

Square

Appears to be short and composed of straight lines. The forehead, jawline, and cheeks are approximately the same width. The hairline is often straight

Triangle

Appears significantly wider at the jawline than the cheekbone and forehead. The forehead is the narrowest feature. Eyes are close-set. This is the least common head shape

Inverted Triangle

Characterized by a jawline that is narrower than the cheekbone or forehead. The forehead is the widest feature of the face. Eyes are wide set

Diamond

Characterized by wide cheekbones and a narrow forehead and jawline. Greatest width is across the cheekbone

Oblong

Long and narrow. The forehead and chin may be rounded or square. The nose is usually long