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Frescoes
Paintings of color pigments on wet lime plaster without a binding agent, depicting scenes from everyday life and ancient civilization, fragile and often destroyed when removed from original sites.
Pottery
Prominent from 1000 BCE to 400 BCE, vases used in everyday life, created by painters partnering with potters, various types like amphorae, kraters, jugs, kylixes, hydra, skyphoi, and lekythoi.
Sculptures
Greek art influenced by Egyptian, Syrian, Minoan, Mycenaean, and Persian cultures, three periods - Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic, showcasing different styles and themes.
Doric Order
Earliest Classical order characterized by plain column capitals, no base, and sturdy proportions, with a frieze of triglyphs and metopes, exemplified by the Parthenon.
Ionic Order
Originated in Ionia, featuring volutes in the capital and a base supporting the column, known for graceful proportions and decorative moldings.
Corinthian Order
Originated in Corinth, known for elaborate, carved capitals with abundant vegetal elements, slender and elegant profile, exemplified by the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.
Greek Theatre
Rooted in Dionysian beliefs, associated with festivals and competitions, featuring tragedies and comedies, with performers wearing masks and costumes, accompanied by music.
Thespis
Considered the first actor in Greek theatre, known for reciting poetry as characters, leading to the term "thespian" for actors today.
Plays and Playwrights
Only 44 surviving plays from Greek classical period by Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes, addressing history, character of Athens, and featuring tragedies and comedies.
Aristophanes
Criticized politicians, militarists, oracle mongers, and figures of power through his plays like The Clouds and The Frogs.
William Shakespeare
Ridiculed the sexes in his works.
Aristotle's Poetics
First systematic treatise on drama, focusing on what makes a great tragic story.
Elements of a Tragedy:
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The sequence of events in a story.
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The individuals in the story.
Thought
The themes and ideas explored.
Diction
The choice and use of words.
Music
The musical elements in a performance.
Spectacle
The visual aspects of a performance.
Elements of a Tragedy:
Plot
Characters
Though
Diction
Music
Spectacle
Mimesis
Imitation or representation of action and characters.
Hubris
Excessive pride leading to downfall.
Hamartia
Tragic flaw in the protagonist.
Anagnorisis
Moment of recognition or realization.
Peripeteia
Reversal of fate for the protagonist.
Catharsis
Purgation of emotions in the audience.