ART - LESSON 2

Frescoes

Paintings of color pigments on wet lime plaster without a binding agent, depicting scenes from everyday life and ancient civilization, fragile and often destroyed when removed from original sites.

Pottery

Prominent from 1000 BCE to 400 BCE, vases used in everyday life, created by painters partnering with potters, various types like amphorae, kraters, jugs, kylixes, hydra, skyphoi, and lekythoi.

Sculptures

Greek art influenced by Egyptian, Syrian, Minoan, Mycenaean, and Persian cultures, three periods - Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic, showcasing different styles and themes.

Doric Order

Earliest Classical order characterized by plain column capitals, no base, and sturdy proportions, with a frieze of triglyphs and metopes, exemplified by the Parthenon.

Ionic Order

Originated in Ionia, featuring volutes in the capital and a base supporting the column, known for graceful proportions and decorative moldings.

Corinthian Order

Originated in Corinth, known for elaborate, carved capitals with abundant vegetal elements, slender and elegant profile, exemplified by the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.

Greek Theatre

Rooted in Dionysian beliefs, associated with festivals and competitions, featuring tragedies and comedies, with performers wearing masks and costumes, accompanied by music.

Thespis

Considered the first actor in Greek theatre, known for reciting poetry as characters, leading to the term "thespian" for actors today.

Plays and Playwrights

Only 44 surviving plays from Greek classical period by Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes, addressing history, character of Athens, and featuring tragedies and comedies.

Aristophanes

Criticized politicians, militarists, oracle mongers, and figures of power through his plays like The Clouds and The Frogs.

William Shakespeare

Ridiculed the sexes in his works.

Aristotle's Poetics

First systematic treatise on drama, focusing on what makes a great tragic story.

Elements of a Tragedy:

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The sequence of events in a story.

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The individuals in the story.

Thought

The themes and ideas explored.

Diction

The choice and use of words.

Music

The musical elements in a performance.

Spectacle

The visual aspects of a performance.

Elements of a Tragedy:

1. Plot

2. Characters

3. Though

4. Diction

5. Music

6. Spectacle

Mimesis

Imitation or representation of action and characters.

Hubris

Excessive pride leading to downfall.

Hamartia

Tragic flaw in the protagonist.

Anagnorisis

Moment of recognition or realization.

Peripeteia

Reversal of fate for the protagonist.

Catharsis

Purgation of emotions in the audience.