Ch.17 The Cardiovascular System

where is the heart located?

5th intercostal space at midclavicular line

what are the 3 parts of the circulatory system?

blood, blood vessels ( vascular system), heart

what does the cardiac conduction system innervate?

• sympathetic receptors = (B1)

• parasympathetic = SA node & AV node

what does conduction of the heart consist of?

SA node

AV node

AV bundle (of his)

bundle branches

purkinje fibers

what is the composition of whole blood?

• proteins (7%)

• other solutes (2%)

• platelets (140-340K)

• leukocytes (5-9K)

• erythrocytes (4.2-6.2 MM)

•91% water

what is the percentage of proteins in the blood?

7%

albumin (57%) → nutrition

globulins (38%) 

fibrinogens (4%)

prothrombin (1%)

what is the percentage of other solutes in the blood?

2%

ions

nutrients

waste products

gases

regulatory substances

what is the percentage of leukocytes in the blood?

5-9K

neutrophils

lymphocytes

monocytes

eosinophils

basophiles

how much percent of blood does the body make up?

8% of total body weight

what percent of formed elements make up total blood vol?

45%

•RBCS

•WBC

•platelets

how much plasma makes up % of total blood vol?

55%

what is the average blood in males & females?

5L

what is are the 3 formed elements?

•WBC

•RBC

•platelets

what is the function of RBCs?

• transports O2 from lungs to tissues

• transports CO2 from tissue cells to lungs

RBC number: (4.2-6.2 mil per each m of blood)

adult male → 5.8mil

adult female → 4.8 mil

percent of Hb in relation to total blood vol?

adult male→45%

adult female →40%

newborn→ 46-60%

what is the function of WBCs?

protects body against invading microoganisms

consider complete blood cell count (CBC)

what is the function of platelets?

instrumental in blood clotting

what are the basic structures of the heart?

• layers

• chambers

• valves

• blood vessels

what is the order of the layers of the heart from external to internal?

1. Fibrous Pericardium → surrounds heart & attaches to surface of diaphragm; tough loose-fitting, inelastic sac surrounding heart

2. Parietal pericardium 

3. Pericardial space → space between parietal & visceral layer

4. Epicardium (visceral pericardium) → adheres to heart’s outer surface

5. Myocardium → heart muscle proper that forms bulk of heart walls

6. Endocardium → lines inner surface of heart’s chambers

what makes up the serous epicardium?

• parietal layer (inner lining of fibrous pericardium)

• pericardial space

• visceral layer (covers outer surf of heart and great vessels)

what is the order of blood flow through the heart

1. SVC/IVC/coronary sinus ->

2. RA ->

3. tricuspid valve -(right AV valve)->

4. RV-> pulmonary circulation (R side )

5. Pulmonary semilunar Valve-> 

6. pulmonary trunk ->

7. pulmonary arteries->

8. L&r lung (pulmonary capillaries). ->

9. Pulmonary veins ->

10. LA ->

11. Bicuspid/mitral valve (left AV valve) ->

12. LV->

13. Aortic semilunar valve ->

14. Aorta->systemic circulation (L side)

15. Systemic arteries->

16. To the body(systemic capillaries)->

17. Systemic veins

what side of the heart pumps blood through pulmonary circulation?

R side of heart

what side of the heart pumps blood through systemic circulation

L side heart

what side of the blood receives deoxygenated blood from SVC, IVC, coronary arteries?

R side of heart

what side of the heart has greater muscle mass?

L side of heart

what is myocardial infarction?

myocardial tissue death

what do semilunar valves separate?

ventricles from arterial outflow tracts

what is cardiac output?

HR x SV

leukocytosis vs leukopenia?

overall ↑ # WBC

vs

overall ↓ # WBC