Ch.17 The Cardiovascular System

where is the heart located?

5th intercostal space at midclavicular line

**what are the 3 parts of the circulatory system?

blood, blood vessels ( vascular system), heart

what does the cardiac conduction system innervate?

• sympathetic receptors = (B1)

• parasympathetic = SA node & AV node

what does conduction of the heart consist of?

SA node

AV node

AV bundle (of his)

bundle branches

purkinje fibers

**what is the composition of whole blood?

• proteins (7%)

• other solutes (2%)

• platelets (140-340K)

• leukocytes (5-9K)

• erythrocytes (4.2-6.2 MM)

•91% water

what is the percentage of proteins in the blood?

7%

albumin (57%) → nutrition

globulins (38%) 

fibrinogens (4%)

prothrombin (1%)

what is the percentage of other solutes in the blood?

2%

ions

nutrients

waste products

gases

regulatory substances

what is the percentage of leukocytes in the blood?

5-9K

neutrophils

lymphocytes

monocytes

eosinophils

basophiles

**how much percent of blood does the body make up?

8% of total body weight

**what percent of formed elements make up total blood vol?

45%

•RBCS

•WBC

•platelets

**how much plasma makes up % of total blood vol?

55%

**what is the average blood in males & females?

5L

***what are the 3 formed elements?

•WBC

•RBC

•platelets

**what is the function of RBCs?

• transports O2 from lungs to tissues

• transports CO2 from tissue cells to lungs

RBC number: (4.2-6.2 mil per each m of blood)

adult male → 5.8mil

adult female → 4.8 mil

percent of Hb in relation to total blood vol?

adult male→45%

adult female →40%

newborn→ 46-60%

**what is the function of WBCs?

protects body against invading microoganisms

consider complete blood cell count (CBC)

**what is the function of platelets?

instrumental in blood clotting

**what are the basic structures of the heart?

• layers

• chambers

• valves

• blood vessels

what is the order of the layers of the heart from external to internal?

1. Fibrous Pericardium → surrounds heart & attaches to surface of diaphragm; tough loose-fitting, inelastic sac surrounding heart

2. Parietal pericardium 

3. Pericardial space → space between parietal & visceral layer

4. Epicardium (visceral pericardium) → adheres to heart’s outer surface

5. Myocardium → heart muscle proper that forms bulk of heart walls

6. Endocardium → lines inner surface of heart’s chambers

what makes up the serous epicardium?

• parietal layer (inner lining of fibrous pericardium)

• pericardial space

• visceral layer (covers outer surf of heart and great vessels)

what is the order of blood flow through the heart

1. SVC/IVC/coronary sinus ->

2. RA ->

3. tricuspid valve -(right AV valve)->

4. RV-> pulmonary circulation (R side )

5. Pulmonary semilunar Valve-> 

6. pulmonary trunk ->

7. pulmonary arteries->

8. L&r lung (pulmonary capillaries). ->

9. Pulmonary veins ->

10. LA ->

11. Bicuspid/mitral valve (left AV valve) ->

12. LV->

13. Aortic semilunar valve ->

14. Aorta->systemic circulation (L side)

15. Systemic arteries->

16. To the body(systemic capillaries)->

17. Systemic veins

what side of the heart pumps blood through pulmonary circulation?

R side of heart

what side of the heart pumps blood through systemic circulation

L side heart

what side of the blood receives deoxygenated blood from SVC, IVC, coronary arteries?

R side of heart

what side of the heart has greater muscle mass?

L side of heart

what is myocardial infarction?

myocardial tissue death

what do semilunar valves separate?

ventricles from arterial outflow tracts

what is cardiac output?

HR x SV

leukocytosis vs leukopenia?

overall ↑ # WBC

vs

overall ↓ # WBC