RADPATHO

disease

Refers to lack of "ease"

Disease

Condition that is marked by abnormal disturbance in the function or structure of the human body as a result of some type of injury or trauma

degenerative Disease

Caused by deterioration of the body

Metabolic disease

Caused by disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body

T4

Hormone that helps with the digestion

Traumatic Disease

Results from the mechanical forces. Common seen in VA

Neoplastic Disease

Results in new, abnormal tissue growth

Diagnosis

Identification of disease

Diagnosis

Attempt to determine which one of the several disease can be causing the signs and symptoms that are present

prognosis

Prediction of probable course and outcome disorder

Acute

Has a rapid onset a severe course and relatively short duration

Chronic

Long duration. Although such disease can be controlled they are rarely cured

remission

Temporary, partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of disease without having achieved cure

Pathology

Study of disease and how it impacts the human body

Heriditary

A source of pathology which comes from one generation to another

iatrogenic

A disease that occurs after the medical procedures

Idiopathic

Diseases with unknown causes

Infection

Invasion of the host organism body by a disease causing agent

nosocomial infection

Health acquired disease

Pathogenesis

Origin and development of a disease

Pathogenesis

Observable that are known as manifestation

Signs

Observable manifestations by health workers

symptom

Patient perception of what is wrong

Syndrome

Group of signs and symptoms that are characterized by abnormal disturbances

Etiology

The study of the cause and origin of disease

idiopathic

Fact that there maybe no real cause of disease

Bleb

Blister-like air pockets that form on the surface of the lungs

hyperemia

is the process of dilating capillaries to allow fluids and leucocytes to infiltrate the infected area.

heat, redness, pain, and often a decrease in function

what are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Leukocytes

will act to remove cellular debris through a process known as phagocytosis

abcess

This type of inflammatory reaction causes the injurious agent to become a walled-off ball of pus.

Ulcers

This is another type of inflammatory reaction that is the result of a healing wound that is located on the skin or a mucous membrane

Cellulitis

This is an acute bacterial infection of the skin and is a third example of an inflammatory reaction.

edema

This is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body cavities or intercellular spaces.

edema

The increase in fluid can be localized within a structure or dispersed throughout the body

transudates

This abnormal, extracellular fluid essentially consists of water that contains a low cell count

Exudates

This fluid filters from the circulatory system into lesions and generally contains water, pus, and/or blood.

ischemia

This term refers to an obstruction of the normal blood flow to an organ or structure

ischemia

It usually results from either a narrowing of blood vessels from plaque formation (fatty cholesterol deposits) or as the

result of a thrombic occlusion.

infarct

Loss of blood supply to an organ or structure will cause the surrounding tissue to become necrotic.

hemorrhage

simply the loss of blood from the circulatory system

Hematoma

This occurs as the result of a break in a blood vessel that causes a pooling of blood below the surface of the skin, organ, or structure

Ecchymosis

This is a type of hematoma that is commonly referred to as a bruise or contusion

purpura

These are red or purple spots on the body that are caused by a hemorrhage.

pupura

They are often the result of some type of platelet or coagulation disorder.

Petechia

This is a type of purpura that consists of very small red or purple spot on the body.

aplasia

This is the inability of an organ or structure to form properly

atrophy

decrease in size of the cells within an organ or structure

pain

common cause of atrophy except

- Lack of physical activity

- poor nourishment

- pain

- nerve damage

- poor circulation

nerve damage and poor circulation

common causes of hypertrophy except:

- increase in physical activity

- hormonal changes

- nerve damage

- chronic inflammation

- poor circulation

hypertrophy

This is the opposite of atrophy in that there is an abnormal increase in cell size

neoplasm

This is the abnormal proliferation of foreign cells that form a mass of tissue within an organ or structure

oncology

study of neoplasms

benign neoplasm

one that is self-limited and will not spread or seed to distant sites within the host organism

Cachexia

characterized by fatigue, atrophy, weakness and anorexia

cachexia

often seen as an end-stage to cancer

carcinoma/adenomacarcinoma

This type of cancer will arise from epithelial cells or tissues such as the breast, colon, or pancreas.

Sarcoma

This is cancer of soft tissue or connective tissue such as bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat

Leukemia

This is cancer of the blood and blood forming tissues.

Acute leukemia

is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature blood cells that do not possess the ability to fight infection

chronic leukemia

is characterized by an abnormal

proliferation of mature blood cells that do not possess the ability to fight infection.

Lymphoma

This type of cancer originates in lymphatic tissues and affects the production of lymphocytes (white blood cells)

Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma

This is the most common type of lymphoma and it

is found in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph

nodes, and GI tract.

Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)

are a diverse group of diseases that can develop in any organ that is associated with the lymphatic system and has an unknown etiology.

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

It is definitively diagnosed via lymph node biopsy and finding the presence of Reed-Sternberg Cells

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy

what are the primary method s of treating malignancies?

Butter vertebra

is a congenital defect of a vertebra that produces the radiographic appearance of a butterfly

AP Projection

in what projection is the butterfly vertebra is seen?

Cervical rib

It is usually unilateral but in some cases, they can be bilateral

Osgood-Schlatter disease

This disease is one of the most common causes of knee pain in young athletes

ages 10- 16 yrs old

what age group this the

Osgood-Schlatter disease mainly affected?

Osgood-Schlatter disease

It is a condition where the tibial tuberosity becomes inflamed following exercise

brittle bone disease

what is the other term for osteogenesis imperfecta?

osteogenesis imperfecta

This is a relatively rare congenital bone disorder that is characterized by bones that easily break.

Type I collagen

what type of collagen thus the osteogenesis imperfecta insufficient?

marble bone disease

what is the other term of osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis

This disorder results from a disorder of endochondral ossification and is the opposite of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis

This disease is characterized by a reduction in bone mass that makes patients with this condition susceptible to fracture formation.

aging and postmenopausal hormone changes

what are the primary causes of Osteoporosis

Osteomalacia

may cause a "bowing" of bones or lead to greenstick fractures.

Rickets

another term for

Osteomalacia

Osteomalacia or rickets

This disease is characterized by a softening of bones that results from insufficient mineralization

Osteomyelitis

one characteristics of this disease is the formation of Brodie's abscess

Osteomyelitis

It is typically found in the tibia and is an indication

Osteomyelitis

commonly referred to as a bone-in-bone formation.

rheumatoid arthritis

This type of arthritis can involve joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels

redness

following are the signs of rheumatoid arthritis except:

- pain

- redness

- morning stiffness

- ulnar deviation of the fingers

ankylosing spondylitis

commonly referred to as "bamboo spine"

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

This is a chronic, degenerative arthritis that usually begins in the sacroiliac (SI) joints and spreads to the spine.

Gout

is a disorder of purine metabolism that results in an increase in uric acid production

feet (great toe)

where thus the gout usually located?

Osteoarthritis

These bone spurs cause the painful inflammation that is associated with this condition

Osteoarthritis

most common degenerative joint disease.

osteitis deformans

another term for paget's disease

pelvis, lumbar spine, and skull.

where thus the pagets disease commonly seen?

Paget's disease

It is characterized by an abnormal cycle or process of bone destruction followed by excessive bone growth and thickening.

avascular necrosis

characterized by bone ischemia followed by bone inflammation and necrosis

spondylosis

It is usually bilateral and the net result is a loss of the neural arch continuity.

between L5 and S1

the spondylosis is commonly found where?

spondylolisthesis

is characterized by the forward movement (subluxation) of one vertebral body on the one below it