cardiovascular disorders

hypertension

name for high blood pressure

atrial septal defect

occurs when the duct between the right and left atria doesn’t close properly

arterosclerosis

leading cause of coronary artery disease, and hypertension

heart murmur

occurs when a valve, usually mitral, doesn’t close completely

coronary artery bypass graft

a vein or mammary artery is used to route blood around a clogged artery

congestive heart failure

characterized by weakening of the hert, leading to a decreased stroke volume

myocardial infarction

caused by a partially or fully occluded coronary artery

artherosclerosis

when fatty deposits build up on the walls or artery blocking blood flow 

arrhythmia

atrial tachycardia is an example of this, heart rhythm gets out of whack

coronary artery disease

narrowing of the coronary arteries, usually caused by arterrio/artherosclerosis leading to an MI

angioplasty

a balloon or a stent is placed in a coronary artery

anemia

any blood disorder that results in a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, thus lowering the O2 carrying capacity

tachycardia

resting heart rate greater than 100 bpm, indication of CHF

bradycardia

resting heart rate lower than 60 bpm

SA node

also known as the pacemaker, where the electrical impulse of the heart starts

AV node

gets signal from the SA node and stalls signal, allowing the atria to empty 

AV bundle (bundle of his)

sends signal down the septum

bundle branches

takes signal down the septum into the purkinje fibers

purkinje fibers

sends electrical impulses to the ventricles

P-wave

contraction of the atria

qrs complex

ventricles contracting

t-wave

ventricles depolarizing

STEMI

sign of a heart attack

pulmonary circulation

blood flow from the heart to the lungs back to the heart

systemic circulation

left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body

coronary circulation

refers to the blood supply to the heart

lub

AV valves closing

dub

pulmonary semilunar valves closing

cardiac output

total amount of blood pumped in 1 minute

pulse

how many beats per minute

stroke volume

amount of blood ejected by the heart beat

fetalis ovale

in newborns where theres a hole between the right and left atrium that should close shortly after birth