Terminology

Words

Ad- (adrenal)

near, toward ( near the kidney )

cardi- (cardiogram)

heart, ( record of heart activity )

-itis (arthritis)

inflammation of a joint

retro- (retro-cardiac, retrogastric)

behind (behind the heart) (behind the stomach)

ab- (abnormal)

away from

Per- (percutaneous)

through (through the skin)

trans- (transplant)

across

Hyper- ( hypertension)

over, excessive, high

Hypo- (hypotension)

under, below, low

super-, supra- ( supraorbital )

Above, over (فتحة العين)

epi- (epicardium)

above, over (خارج عضلة القلب)

ambi- (ambilateral)

both (lateral = جانبي both armes)

Con- connective

with, together (رابطة ضامة)

Ec- (ectopic)

outside

ex- (exhale)

away from

ante- (antenatal)

before (before birth {natal=laber})

dia- (diagnosis)

through, across

Endo- (endoscope)

In, inside

extra- (extracellular)

outside

Infra- infer- (infrared radiation)

below

inter- (interstitial fluid)

between

intra- (intracellular)

within

sub- (subgastric)

under (gastric=stomach)

Pre- (prediabetes)

Before

Post- (postdiabetes)

after

bi- (bilateral)

twice

brady- (bradycardia)

slow (slow heartbeat)

tachy- (tachycardia)

rapid, high (abnormally fast heartbeat of over 100)

Dys- (dyspnea, dysuria)

Painful, different (difficult to breathing or shortness of breath, painful wee-wee)

mal- (malabsorption)

bad, poor

A- an- (apnea)

not, without, absence

Anti- (antibiotics, antidote)

against (against life, something we take to cure poison)

Contra- (contralateral)

Against (on the opposite side of the body)

De- (detoxify)

Down, without, loss (remove the poison from)

Un- (unconscious)

Not (not aware or awake)

Hetro- (heterogeneous, heterosexual)

different, unequal

Homo- (homosexual)

same, unchanging

Iso- (isograd)

equal, same

macro- (macroscopic)

large

Mega- (megabladder)

Lange (enlargement of the bladder)

Micro- (microscope)

small

normo- (normal)

Regular

pseudo- (pseudoparalysis)

False (false paralysis / paralysis not due to nerve damage)

Hemi- (hemithorax)

Half (one sideor half of the chest /thorax= chest, a half of the diaphragm /diaphragm= muscle at the bottom of the chest that helps with breathing)

Aut- (autopilot)

Self (automatic pilot controls its self)

Exo- (exoskeleton)

Out, outside (external skeleton)

Re- (reaction)

Back, again (response)

Pro- (Prothorax)

Before (A segment in the thorax of an insect that attaches to the head and carries the first pair of walking legs )

peri- (pericardial membrane)

surrounding (membrane that surrounds the heart)

-logy (Physiology)

Study of ( study of functions)

-logist (Pathologist)

Specialist in Studying ( a scientist who studies the causes and effects of diseases)

-er,-or (instructor)

One who ( trainer, a person who teaches something)

-ist (dentist)

Specialist in a field of study (teeth doctor)

-ian, -ician (Physician)

Specialist in a field of study (a person qualified to practice medicine, doctor, اخصائي طبيب)

-ose (adipose, pentose)

pertaining to; sugar (a fat tissue - stores lipids, a five carbon sugar)

-ole, -ule, -cle (arteriole)

little, small (small artery)

-in, -ine (morphine)

A substance

-um (cerebellum, cardium)

structure, tissue (A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills, heart tissue)

-us (hydrocephalus)

structure (accumulation or gathering of fluid in the spaces of the brain

-algia (arthralgia, Gastralgia)

pain (joint pain, )

Adjective suffixes

-ac (cardiac), -al (abnormal), -an (overian), -ar (tonsillar), -ary (pulmonary), -iac (hypochondriac), -ic (hepatic), -ior (superior), -ous (mucous), -tic (necrotic)

-ache (headache)

Pain

-itis (colitis)

inflammation (inflammation of the colon)

-megaly (hepatomegaly)

Enlargement of the liver

-oma (lipoma)

tumor (tumor in the (fatty, lipid) tissues )

-pathy (neuropathy)

disease (nervous system disease)

-penia (leukopenia)

deficiency, lack of (a reduction in the number of white cells in the blood)

-graphy (mammography)

process of recording data (radiographic imaging of the breast)

-gram (sonogram)

record, weight, mark (image of the body produced by computerized reflected sound)

-scope (cystoscope)

instrument for viewing (instrument used for visual examination of the bladder)

-scopy (laparoscopy)

process of examining (visual examination of the abdominal cavity)

-tension (Hypertension)

Pressure (abnormally high blood pressure)

-therapy (chemotherapy)

treatment (treatment of cancer with drugs)

-necrosis (hepatonecrosis)

Death of tissue

-edema (cephaledema)

Accumulation of fluid, swelling

-emia ( anemia)

Blood condition

-Tomy (gastrotomy)

Cutting into

-opsy (biopsy)

To view

-globin (hemoglobin)

Protein

-ia (Athrombia)

Condition

-osis (Cirrhosis)

Abnormal condition

-ism (terrorism)

Condition

1 -a (vertebra)

+ -ae (vertebrae)

1 -en (lumen)

+ -ina (lumina)

1 -ex, -ix (index)

+ -ices (indices)

1 -is (diagnosis)

+ -es (diagnoses)

1 -on (ganglion)

+ -a (ganglia)

1 -um (ovum)

+ -a (ova)

1 -us (fungus)

+ -i (fungi)

1 -ma (adenoma)

+ -mata (adenomata)

1 -ur (femur)

+ -ora (femora)

1 -y (biopsy)

+ -ies (biopsies)

Abdomin/o

abdomen

aden/o

gland

Arteri/o

artery

Audi/o

hearing

Brachi/o

arm

Carcin/o

cancer

Cardi/o

heart

Col/o

colon