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What structures pass through foramen cecum?
Emissary vein to superior sagittal sinus
What structures pass through the nasal fissure and the anterior ethmoidal foramen?
Anterior ethmoidal artery and vein and nerve
What structures pass through the cribiform foramina?
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
What structures pass through the posterior ethmoidal foramen?
Posterior ethmoidal artery, vein, and nerve
What structures pass through the optic canal?
Optic nerve (CN II) and ophthamic artery
What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), abducens nerve (CN CV1), and superior ophthalmic vein
What structures pass through foramen rotundum?
Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
What structures pass through foramen ovale?
Mandibular nerve (CN V3), accessory branch of the middle meningeal artery, and the lesser petrosal nerve
What structures pass through foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery and vein and the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve
What passes through the sphenoidal emissary foramen?
Emissary vein
What passes through foramen lacerum?
????
What structures pass through the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery and internal carotid plexus
What are the 2 hiatuses of the skull for?
Lesser and greater petrosal nerves
What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus?
Facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), and labyrinthine artery
What structures pass through the vestibular canaliculu?
Endolymphatic duct
What structures pass through the mastoid foramen?
Mastoid emissary vein
What structures pass through the jugular foramen?
Inferior petrosal sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), sigmoid sinus, and posterior meningeal artery
What structures pass through the condylar canal?
Condylar emissary vein and meningeal branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery
What structures pass through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
What structures pass through foramen magnum?
Medulla oblongata, vertebral artery, meningeal branches of the vertebral artery, and spinal roots of accessory nerves
What are the 8 bones of the neurocranium?
1 frontal bone, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital, 1 ethmoid, and 1 sphenoid
What is the role of the neurocranium bones?
Surround and protect the brain
What are the 14 bones of the viscerocranium?
2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 1 vomer, 2 inferior conchae, 2 zygomatic, 2 maxillae, 2 palatine, and 1 mandible
What is the role of the viscerocranium bones?
Make up the bulk of the face/front of the skull
What are the bones of the skull that are visible from the anterior view?
Frontal, nasal, maxillary, zygomatic, bones of the orbital cavities, bones of the nasal caovities
Where are the superciliary arches located?
Superior to the orbital cavities
What bone are the superciliary arches located on?
Frontal bone
Where is the glabella located?
Between the superciliary arches
What is the glabella?
Slight depression of the frontal bone between the superciliary arches
What is the nasion?
Suture where the frontal bone and the 2 nasal bones meet
What is the anterior nasal spine?
Protrusion of the maxilla at the base of the nose
What bone is the supraorbital foramen found on?
Frontal bone
What bone is the infraorbital foramen found on?
Maxillary bone
What bone is the anterior nasal aperture found on?
Nasal and maxillary bones
What bone is the zygomaticofacial foramen found on?
Temporal process of the zygomatic bone
What bones of the skull are visible from the posterior view?
Parietal, squamous portion of occipital, and mastoid process of temporal bone
What is the lambda?
Site where the sagittal suture meets the lambdoid suture
What bones meet at the lambda?
Parietal bones and occipital bone
What is the parietal eminence?
Area where parietal bone is at its maximum convexity
What bones are the nuchal lines found on?
Occipital bones
What is the vertex?
Highest point of the skull
What 2 bones form the coronal suture?
Frontal and parietal bones
What 2 bones form the squamous suture?
Parietal and temporal bones
What bones meet at the pterion?
Frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid
What bones form the lambdoid suture?
Occipital and parietal bones
What bones form the occipitomastoid suture?
Occipital bone and mastoid portion of the temporal bone
How are most sutures named?
By the 2 articulating bones
What bone of the skull is the zygomaticofacial foramina found on?
Temporal process of zygomatic bone
What bone of the skull is the zygomaticotemporal foramina found on?
Anteromedial surface of the zygomatic bone
What bone of the skull is the pterygomaxillary fissure found on?
Sphenoid bone
What bones is the inferior orbital fissure found between?
Between greater wing of sphenoid and the body of the maxilla
What bone is the external auditory meatus found on?
Temporal bone
What bones meet at the asterion?
Parietal, occipital and temporal bones
What is a pneumatized bone?
Bones that have air sinuses
What are characteristics of pneumatized bones?
Lighter and more resonant
Which bones of the skull are pneumatized?
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary
What is the parietal foramina a passage for?
Emissary veins
What bone of the skull is the posterior nasal aperture found on?
Sphenoid bone
What bone of the skull is the foramen lacerum found on?
Junction of the temporal, sphenoid, and occipital bones
What bone of the skull is the foramen ovale found on?
Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
What bone of the skull is the foramen spinosum found on?
Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
What bone of the skull is the carotid foramen found on?
Temporal bone
What bone of the skull is the external auditory meatus found on?
Temporal bone
What passes through the foraminal valley?
CN V3
What bone of the skull is the pterygoid hamulus found on?
Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
What bone of the skull is the greater palatine foramina found on?
Where alveolar process of maxilla meets the horizontal plate of palatine
What is the alveolar arch?
Curved portion of the alveolar bone; extreme rim of bone nearest to crowns of teeth
What bone of the skull is the mastoid foramen found on?
Temporal bone
What bone of the skull is foramen magnum found in?
Occipital bone
What bone of the skull is the jugular foramen found on?
Petrous part of the temporal bone anteriorly and occipital bone posterioly
What bone of the skull is the condylar foramen found on?
Occipital bone
What bone of the skull is the mastoid foramina found on?
Temporal bone
What bone of the skull is the digastric/mastoid notch found on?
Medial process of the temporal bone
What bone of the skull makes up the styloid process?
Temporal bone
What type bones of the skull undergo membranous ossification?
Flat bones that form the sides and the roof of the skull
Which bones of the skull undergo membranous ossification?
Frontal, parietal, squamous parts of temporal, and interparietal part of occipital
What type of bones of skull undergo cartilaginous ossification?
Bones that make up the base of the skull
Which bones of the skull undergo cartilaginous ossification?
Sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, zygomatic, mandible, and palatine
What is a fontanel?
Fibrous tissue membrane that separates the bones of the calvaria of a newborn
What does the anterior fontanel become?
Bregma
What does the posterior fontanel become?
Lambda
What is the significance of the frontal eminence?
Site of ossification of the frontal bone during development
What is the significance of the parietal eminence?
Site of intramembranous ossification
Where are the paranasal sinuses?
Ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary, and frontal bones
What is the function of paranasal sinuses?
Decrease the weight of the skull and humidify and heat the air
How do the paranasal sinuses develop?
Heralded by the appearance of folds on the lateral nasal wall at approximately 8th week of gestation
What is craniosynostosis?
Premature closure of the suture of the skull
What are the 3 types of craniosynostosis?
Scaphocephaly, plagiocephaly, and oxycephaly
What is scaphocephaly?
Premature closure of the sagittal suture
What is plagiocephaly?
Premature closure of coronal or lambdoid suture on one side only
What is oxycephaly?
Premature closure of the coronal suture
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