Literature

for my baby sabsab

Litera

Derived from latin

Literature

s first and foremost humankind’s entire body of writing

Permanence

determined by a written work’s ability to stand the test of time, which makes it impossible to determine at the moment of writing

Universality

appeals to the hearts and minds of almost any reader

Artistry

aesthetically appealing and reveals or conveys hidden truth and beauty

Suggestiveness

llows the work to inspire and provoke thoughts and understanding beyond the actual words written on the page

Intellectual Value

promotes critical thinking that enhances both abstract and reason-based thought processes and makes readers focus on the fundamental truths of life and nature

Spiritual Value

lifts the inner spirit and soul and has the power to motivate and inspire readers

Style

refers to the distinct way the author expresses his or her thoughts

Dulce

sweetness

Utile

usefulness

Utile

to instruct, to inform the audience

Dulce

– to entertain, to delight the audience

Oral

Through word of mouth

Written

Through writing

Poetry

uses metrical language with lots of rhythm and rhyme to create word pictures.

Poetry

employs all kinds of word play, figurative language, and imagery to send its messages, which are often rather obscure and need to be dug out with some effort on the part of the reader.

Lyric

originally sung or recited with a musical instrument, called a lyre

Lyric

personal experience, close relationships, and description of feelings as their material

Narrative

story telling developed from ritualistic chanting of myths

Narrative

stories were not memorized as is generally assumed but instead bards improvised oral chants, relying on heavy alliterative and assonantal techniques

Elegy

a reflective poem to honor the dead

Sonnet

a descriptive fourteen-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme

Ode

an elevated poem that pays tribute to a person, idea, place, or another concept

Haiku

a seventeen-syllable poem that uses natural imagery to express an emotion

Narrative Poems

Haiku, Ode, Sonnet, Elegy

Lyric Poems

Ballad, Epic, Metrical Tale, Metrical Romance

Ballad

narrative poetry set to music

Epic

a lengthy poem that tells a story of heroic adventures

Metrical Tale

topics vary from romance, the quest for adventure, love, and various phases

Metrical Romance

also called chivalric poems

Fictional Prose

written in ordinary, non-metrical language, but it is the product of the writer's imagination.

Fictional Prose

The meaning of fictional works can stretch all the way from obscure and difficult to clear and direct.

Types of Fictional Prose

Short Story

Types of Fictional Prose

Novel

Short Story

marked by relative shortness and density, organized into a plot and with dénouement at the end.

Short Story

The plot may be comic, tragic, romantic, or satiric. It may be written in the mode of fantasy, realism or naturalism.

Novel

an extended work of prose fiction

Novel

denotes a prose narrative about characters and their actions in what is recognizably everyday life

Nonfictional Prose

written in ordinary, non-metrical language and communicates facts or opinions about reality.

Nonfictional Prose

meanings are usually straightforward because the writer's primary purpose is to convey information or persuade readers.

Types of Nonfictional Prose

Biographical Narratives

Types of Nonfictional Prose

Autobiographical Narratives

Biographical Narratives

•Biography

•Profile

• Character sketch

• Interview

Autobiographical Narratives

• Autobiography

• Memoir or Creative non-fiction

• Special types include Travel writing, Food writing, Nature writing

• Diaries and Journals

Drama

combines elements of prose and poetry into plays that are usually intended to be performed on stage

Drama

joins monologues and dialogues by characters with stage directions and occasionally narrative sections that explain the action.

Drama

joins monologues and dialogues by characters with stage directions and occasionally narrative sections that explain the action.

Drama

Like poetry it can feature hidden meanings and messages that take some work to decipher.

Types of Drama

Comedy

Farce

Musical

Melodrama

Tragedy

Tragicomedy

Comedy

Lighthearted tone

• Clever wordplay or turns of phrase

• Serious topics addressed in a humorous way

• Comical misunderstandings

• Happy ending

• Silly, offbeat characters

• Often ends with a wedding, especially in romantic comedies

Farce

• Exaggerated humor

• Slapstick gags

• Nonsensical storyline

• Improbable events

• One or two settings

• Humor is often crude and inappropriate

Musical

• Originally referred to as opera

• Dramas in which the characters sing and dance while performing

• The entire production is set to a musical score

Melodrama

• Periods of standard storyline interrupted by songs

• Dramatic or comedic storylines

• A sensational dramatic piece with exaggerated characters and exciting events intended to appeal to the emotions

Tragedy

• A protagonist with a tragic flaw

• Circumstances that quickly get out of control – and not in a funny way

• Darker themes than a melodrama, such as human suffering, hatred, or poverty

• Features the downfall of a previously heroic or well-liked character • An irredeemable ending that results in one or more characters’ deaths

• Reaches a tragic catharsis

Tragicomedy

• A serious storyline told in a humorous, sardonic, or snide way

• Tragically flawed characters whose actions don’t result in death

• An ambiguous theme

• Broad characters who act in classically comical ways

• Neither a happy nor a comic ending