Unit 1: PSIR Case Studies + examples

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27 Terms

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Soft power
China

* increasing economic influence
* OBOR
* Manufacturing
* US relies heavily

US

* Inflation / recession in US affects other countries
* MNCs becoming more prevalent
* Amazon → one of the largest MNCs in the world
* Apple
* McDonalds

South Korea

* Kpop diplomacy
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Offensive realism
Russia

* putin trying to re-assert russian dominance in a post-soviet era
* willing to use military force
* annexation of Crimea
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Defensive realism
China

* military modernisation program
* deters potential aggressors
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Offensive liberalism
France

* military intervention in mali
* to promote democracy

Canada

* nato intervention in Libya 2011
* human rights

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Liberalism
UN

* uses co-operation
* doesn’t usually resort to violence
* summits + conferences used for discussion

Conference of parties (COP)
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Hard power
US

* intervention in Afghanistan in 2001
* War on terror
* Campaign to neutralise Taliban and Al Qaeda

Sanctions on Russia

* economic sanctions in Russia reaction to Russia-Ukraine conflict
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Authoritarian Regimes
DPRK

* little to no contact with other t=states
* Trade mainly confined to China
* Little to no civil liberties
* Media censorship
* Large scale poverty
* Human rights violations
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Examples of Democracy
UK

* elected government
* little to no media censorship
* civil liberties
* rule of law

US

Portugal

Sweden

Switzerland

Canada

India

Pakistan
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Flawed democracies
Singapore

* elected government
* bias
* media censorship
* civil liberties
* death penalty?

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Non-legitimate states
Somaliland

* battling for independence from Somalia
* Not internationally recognised as own indpenedent states

Catalan

* trying to get independence from Spain

Taiwan

* not recognised by many countries
* eg. not the UN nor the US
* recognised by Saudi Arabia and Saint Vincent

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NGOs
* Sea shepherd
* advocacy for marine life
* Partnered with Tanzania and Gambia for protective laws
* Red cross
* Amnesty
* Greenpeace
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Terrorist organisations
Al Qaeda

* 9/11
* Islamic extremist group

ISIS

* Operates in Iraq and Syria

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Economic power
Iran

* Sanctions placed on Iran by EU to force Iran to negotiate a deal to decrease nuclear weapons

China

* OBOR
* Dependence from US for manufacturing
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Relational power
EU

* not as powerful as they assert to be
* Power we associate with EU gives it influence
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Stateless nations
Kurdistan

* 8 Million refugees
* distinct cultural identity
* called world’s largest nation without own independent state
* Across Syria, Iraq, Turkey & Iran
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Most powerful MNCs (ranked)
1) Apple → US → $21 trillion market capitalisation

2) Saudi Aramco → Saudi Arabia → $1.9 trillion

3) Microsoft → US → 1.8 Trillion

4) Amazon → US → 1.6 trillion

5) Alphabet → US → 1.4 trillion
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protesting Political movements
Chilean protests

* protesting increase in cost of living and police brutality
* HS students evading metro fares

Arab Spring

* Uprising and protests in Middle East and North Africa in 2011
* Challenging authoritarianI regimes in Yemen and Egypt

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Informal Forums
BRIC

* Brazil
* Russia
* India
* China

World Economic Forum

* discuss how to deal with world issues
* eg. climate change, health care, urban development
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Strategic alliances
* USA and Isreal
* strengthens US influence in Middle East
* China and African countries
* USA and Taiwan
* India and Afghanistan
* Russia and Iran
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Countries in OBOR
* Rwanda
* Samoa
* Ethiopia
* Kenya
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Territorial Disputes
South China Sea

* Brunei, PRC, Taiwan, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam
* All fighting for territory

Kashmir

* India and Pakistan
* both fighting over Kashmir
* threat of nuclear warfare
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Economic / Trade disputes
Malaysia & EU

* 2014
* Anti dumping policies from Malaysian Steel

US and EU Boeing

* filed complaint with WTO
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Collective security
UN

NATO

* Launched military operation in the middle East after 9/11 attacks

African Union

* Civil war in Somalia and Sudan
* African Peace and Security Architecture

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
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Examples for how collective security leads to pooled capital and resources
piracy in Somalia

employment of naval forces

countries in the UN and African union
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example for power in numbers for collective security
**UN sanctions in North Korea**

Heavily sanctioned

reduced nuclear weapons program

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**Russia sanctions**

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example for how collective security can be immobile
Mali peacekeeping mission from the UN

took several months to implement

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example for how not all states may be willing to participate in collective security
invasion of Iraq led by US in 2003

France and Germany unwilling to participate