LECTURE 10 Gene Expression

What is the Central Dogma?

It reflects the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein

Replication definition

copying of the entire genome for cell division

Transcription defintion

DNA is transcribed into RNA

Translation defintion

RNA is read in triplets by ribosomes to code for an amino acid

What is a gene?

Region of a DNA molecule containing a sequence of bases that is transcribed into a functional product

What is the regulatory region?

sequence of bases that control initiation of transcription

What is the coding region?

sequence of bases that are read into a functional molecule

What is the termination region?

sequence of nucleotides that stops transcription

Define Gene expression

the flow of genetic information from DNA via RNA (transcription) to protein (translation)

What is the enzyme used in transcription?

RNA polymerase

Where does transcription start?

At a region of DNA called a promter

In bacteria, what does RNA polymerase consist of?

5 subunits

Process of transcription in bacteria

1. sigma makes contact with DNA that begins transcription 

2. once sigma is bound to DNA the helix opens and template is threaded through a channel

3. NTPs enter a diff channel and diffuse to the active site

4. incoming NTPs base pair complementary with the template strand

5. “A” base pairs with “U”