Unit 5: Causal Attribution and Self-Determination in Motivation

The degree of environmental influence in an event ______ correlates with the personal responsibility ascribed by individuals

inversely

The more pronounced the impact of the environment, the ____ personal responsibility individuals tend to attribute to their actions

less

Players with a heightened motivation for achievement are inclined to attribute success to ____ and failures to ____

own efforts; perceived lack of exertion

Players with a more pronounced tendency to avoid failure tend to attribute success to ___ and failure to ___

situational factors; personal shortcomings

What are Weiner’s 3 constituent elements of people’s attributions?

1. Stability (stable or unstable) - is the event consistent in time or is there frequency of occurrence

2. The place/locus (internal or external) - is it an internal cause or external

3. Control (controllable or uncontrollable) - can the cause be controlled

Name the attribution type combination based on the example: stable effort

internal, stable, controllable

Name the attribution type combination based on the example: unstable efforts

internal, unstable, controllable

Name the attribution type combination based on the example: a player’s innate ability

internal, stable, uncontrollable

Name the attribution type combination based on the example: mood

internal, unstable, uncontrollable (in part)

Name the attribution type combination based on the example: the coach

external, stable, uncontrollable (in part)

Name the attribution type combination based on the example: difficulty of the match

external, unstable, uncontrollable

Name the attribution type combination based on the example: luck

external, unstable uncontrollable

Name the attribution type combination based on the example: weather

external, unstable, uncontrollable

What are some examples of times in football that might increase explanation seeking?

1. Unexpected results that go against the previous expectations

2. During the match

3. High pressure events

Attributions can be generated by means of what 3 primary factors?

1. The occurrence of unexpected events versus expected events

2. The non-achievement of an objective versus its achievement

3. Influence of pressure factors against situations in which is does not exist or is not perceived

Describe the fundamental error of attribution

Bias that consists of the tendency to exaggerate the importance of personal dispositions to the detriment of the consideration of contextual factors

What is an example of when the fundamental error of attribution might not occur?

This (exaggerating situational factors) tends to take place when the result is totally in opposition to previous expectations

(ex: LA Galaxy beating Real Madrid)

Describe differences in ‘I-other’ attribution

A person is more likely to make self-attributions regarding situations than personal factors when we talk about aspects that are perceived as negative, while a second observer tends to emphasize personal than situational to explain same phenomena

(ex": coach attribute negative results to personal factors of some players; players attribute to actions of others)

Describe the self-friendly bias

The tendency of the subject to attribute success to personal factors and failures to situational

Describe the Theory of Self-Determination (TAD)

Allows us to understand the interaction of different variables related to the motivation of athletes. Most internal/intrinsic sources are those we must train most

Based on the consideration of 3 basic psychological needs - competence, relationship, and autonomy

Based on 4 theories:

1. Cognitive assessment

2. Organic integration

3. Basic needs

4. Causality orientations