final oral exam docs

How do you measure innovation speed?

Innovation speed is measured through scalability indicators, such as the time needed to double construction capacity and increases in yearly houses constructed.

How did you identify your boundaries of the system model?

We set the boundary at the national housing system level, including construction, land, labor, costs, and policy, while excluding detailed spatial and behavioral market segmentation.

What are your instruments?

Our instruments are policy levers such as subsidies for modular construction, low-interest loans, sustainability regulations, and rent control.

Did you do a robustness test on the model?

Yes, robustness is assessed by testing the model under multiple scenarios with varying immigration and inflation levels.

Did you test multiple scenarios in your model?

Yes, we tested four scenarios combining high and low immigration with high and low inflation.

How do you simulate the scenarios in your system model?

Scenarios are simulated using switches that activate different parameter values for immigration and inflation within the same model structure.

How have you modeled your scenarios quantitatively?

Scenarios are implemented by changing numerical inputs such as population growth, cost inflation, and demand pressure through conditional equations.

How have you identified your driving forces?

Driving forces were identified through literature review, policy documents, and stakeholder relevance, focusing on factors with high impact and uncertainty.

Driving forces were identified through literature review, policy documents, and stakeholder relevance, focusing on factors with high impact and uncertainty.

How is the LCA linked with the position you mentioned in the DfS framework?

The LCA supports our socio-technical DfS position by quantifying environmental impacts of system-level design choices rather than individual products.

What do the red and blue arrows show in the LCA?

They show the difference between the current (reference) system and the proposed modular system across lifecycle stages.

Does the LCA support your solution?

Yes, the LCA shows lower embodied CO₂ emissions and lower natural resource depletion per square meter of living space in the proposed system.

What do you mean by innovation speed in scenarios? Could you measure it?

Innovation speed refers to how fast modular construction scales up, which we measure through construction rate, completion rate, and time to double capacity.

How did you check the robustness of your instruments in the model?

We checked whether policies still improve key performance indicators across all four scenarios instead of optimizing for a single future.

Which steps are you going to do for further research?

We would add spatial segmentation, investor behavior, and dynamic LCA factors to increase realism.

How is your model linked to your proposal?

The model is used to test whether the proposed policy instruments move the system toward the defined success criteria.

How does your LCA current state differ from your proposed state?

The proposed state includes modular construction and sustainable materials, leading to lower emissions and resource use per square meter.

How is your model linked to the Research Objective?

The model directly evaluates how industrialized construction performs on Triple-P objectives under different future scenarios.

How does your LCA incorporate the People of the 3P’s?

People are incorporated indirectly through affordability and social acceptance effects resulting from cost, speed, and sustainability changes.