Embryo/Layers of Gut Wall/Enteric Nervous System

What forms the distal esophagus, stomach, and part of the duodenum, and ends at the second part of the duodenum and entrance of bile duct?

Foregut

What begins at the entrance of the bile duct into the second part of the duodenum, and ends with the right 2/3 of the transverse colon?

Midgut

What begins with the left 1/3 of the transverse colon and ends in the upper part of the anal canal?

Hindgut

What is the blood supply to the foregut?

Branches of celiac trunk

What is the blood supply to the midgut?

Branches of superior mesenteric artery

What is the blood supply to the hindgut?

Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

What is the sympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut?

Greater splanchnic nerves (T5-T9)

Lesser splanchnic nerves (T10-T11)

What is the sympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2)

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut?

Vagus nerve

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

What activation decreases motility and tone and contracts sphincters?

Sympathetic

What activation increases motility/tone and relaxes sphincters?

Parasympathetic

What layer of the gut wall is the mucous membrane, forms the innermost layer, and contains the muscularis mucosae (thin layer of smooth muscle)?

Mucosa

What layer of the gut wall contains blood vessels and lymphatics?

Submucosa

What layer of the gut wall is a thick layer of smooth muscle that is responsible for peristalsis?

Muscularis externa

What is the visceral peritoneum referred to as?

Serosa

What is the connective tissue coat covering retroperitoneal organs?

Adventitia

What nerve plexus is within the submucosa near the border with muscularis externa?

Submucosal plexus

What do postganglionic fibers of the submucosal plexus supply?

Muscularis mucosae and mucus secreting glands

What nerve plexus is between circular and longitudinal layers of muscularis externa?

Myenteric plexus

What do postganglionic fibers of the myenteric plexus supply?

Smooth muscle layers and stimulate peristalsis

What is the term for propulsive movement of the gut contractile ring appearing and moving distally?

Peristalsis