Health, Fitness, and Wellness - C458 Unit 1 study guide q/a

Term

Definition

Which parts of the skeletal system are used when we kick a ball?

Femur, tibia, fibula, and bones of the foot

Which muscles are responsible for running? Which muscles aid in moving food through the intestines? Which muscles help the heart pump blood throughout our body?

Running: skeletal muscles (quadriceps, hamstrings, calves); Intestines: smooth muscles; Heart: cardiac muscle

What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous systems?

CNS: brain and spinal cord; PNS: nerves outside CNS

What would you consider to be the most important organ associated with the respiratory system and why?

Lungs â€" they exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Where does the upper respiratory tract end and the lower respiratory tract begin?

Upper ends at larynx; lower begins at trachea

How do the heart and blood vessels work together as the cardiovascular system?

Heart pumps blood; vessels transport it

How do the accessory digestive structures differ from the digestive tract?

Accessory organs aid digestion but food doesn’t pass through them

Urine is made in the kidneys. How does it get from the kidneys to the outside of the body?

Kidneys â†' ureters â†' bladder â†' urethra

Discuss the role of the immune system and its major organs and structures.

Defends against pathogens using WBCs, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

Explain the four functions of the skin.

Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, secretion

What is the overall goal of the endocrine system? How do glands enable the endocrine system to function?

Maintain homeostasis by releasing hormones from glands

What needs to happen for fertilization to occur?

Sperm must penetrate an egg in the fallopian tube

What is menopause?

Permanent end of menstruation due to decreased estrogen

Are there any similar structures between the male and female reproductive systems? If so, what are they and how are they similar?

Yes â€" penis and clitoris (erectile tissue), testes and ovaries (produce gametes)

Your neighbor has influenza. Can you catch it from them? Is influenza communicable or non-communicable?

Yes, communicable

Your cousin has asthma. Can you catch it from them? Is asthma communicable or non-communicable?

No, non-communicable

What is the difference between muscular strength and muscular endurance?

Strength = max force; endurance = sustain activity

What is the difference between cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility?

Cardiorespiratory = heart/lung efficiency; flexibility = range of motion

Using the FITT principles, discuss the recommended fitness guidelines for children, adolescents, and adults.

Children & Adolescents: 60+ min daily; Adults: 150 min/week moderate or 75 min vigorous + strength 2â€"3 days/week

Personal hygiene recommendations for children, adolescents, and adults.

Daily bathing, brushing teeth twice/day; adolescents add deodorant; adults add regular checkups

Prevent a fire.

Install smoke alarms, avoid unattended cooking

Prevent drowning.

Supervise swimming, use life jackets

Prevent bicycle accident.

Wear helmet, follow traffic rules

Prevent a fall.

Remove hazards, use handrails

Respond to emergency.

Call 911, provide first aid if trained

Difference between REM and non-REM sleep?

REM = dreaming, brain active; non-REM = deep restorative sleep

How are stages of non-REM different?

Stage 1 light sleep, Stage 2 deeper, Stage 3 deep restorative

Ways sleep benefits health.

Improves memory, mood, immune function

Advice for trouble sleeping.

Keep consistent schedule, avoid screens before bed

Which age group needs most/least sleep?

Infants most (14â€"17 hrs), older adults least (7â€"8 hrs)