Unit 2: The American Revolution

What and When was the French and Indian War?

A war between the English colonists vs. the French and Native Americans over territory in the Appalachian Mountain region (1754-1763)

What were the results of the French and Indian War?

British were victorious and took over all French territories in the U.S.A

What document put an end to the F/I War?

Treaty of Paris 1763

What caused the F/I War?

Governor of Virginia awarded land grant to the Ohio Company, but the French argued that it was their own land.

What was Pontiac’s Rebellion?

Armed revolt by Native American tribes to remove the British. It failed but they did enough damage to slow down British expansion in Native American territory

What was Proclamation Line of 1763?

Forbid settlement west of the Appalachian mountains and reserved that territory for Native Americans

What was the Great Awakening?

Revitalization of intense religious feelings. Many focused on an inner lights and repentance.

What was Salutary Neglect?

British Policy that allowed colonists to self rule if they were profitable enough

Mercantilism

Govt controls national economy to maximize the country’s power - exports>imports

What was the Ohio Company?

A real estate development firm during colonial era

What were the Navigation Acts?

British Trade Laws:

• Valuable goods must be sent to England first

• Imported goods must come from English ports

Why was smuggling culture so prominent in the colonies?

The cost of goods were much higher because all goods had to go through British ports first.

What was the Quartering Act?

Required colonists to provide housing for English troops (early 1765)

What was the Stamp Act?

Required colonists to pay a tax on almost all printed goods (Late 1765)

Who were the Daughters of Liberty?

Women who organized boycotts in support of colonial protests

What was the Tea Act?

Allowed British East India Colony to to sell products directly to the colonies. Tea prices were much cheaper even with the tax.(May 1773)

What was the Sugar Act?

Lowered the cost of import tax on molasses but increased security on colonial smuggler prosecution(1764)

What was the results of the Stamp Act Congress?

Boycotts of British goods and inspired greater colonial production. Forced Parliament to repeal Act.

What were the Townshend Acts?

Replaced the Stamp Acts, it was a tax on everyday goods: glass, lead, paper, tea (1767)

What was the Boston Massacre?

Colonists were harassing British troops, and one of them responded by shooting and killing 5 men (1770)

What was the Boston Tea Party?

Boston Patriots snuck on 3 British cargo ships and dumped out the tea in the Harbor(1773)

What was the result of the Boston Tea Party?

Parliament was extremely offended and implemented the Coercive/Intolerable Acts

What were the Coercive/Intolerable Acts?

• Closed all ports until loss in tea revenue was paid back

• Forced to House Troops

• Restricted autonomy

• British Officials immune to prosecution

• (1774)

What happened in the First Continental Congress?

Delegates from all colonies (except Georgia) gathered in Philadelphia, PA and announced a boycott on all British imports(1774)

Who was Patrick Henry?

He was a Virginian Representative who drafted the Virginia Resolves

What were the Virginia Resolves?

They were radical resolutions to the Stamp Act, HOB accepts document in 1765

Who were Patriots?

Colonists who supported American Revolution and aggressively resisted British control

Which colony had the most violent protests?

Boston, Massachusetts

What was the Homespun Movement?

A movement where Colonial women produced cloth to boycott the consumption of British clothing

Who was Abigail Adams

She was the wife of John Adams and she tried to get women involved in protests and play a bigger role in politics.

Who was Samuel Adams

He encouraged the organization of committees of correspondence through out the colonies. He also lead the Boston Tea Party.

How did Colonial Government Systems contrast Parliament Government System?

Colonies opened politics to many more people while the British only listened to the rich and elite.

What happened at Lexington and Concord?

It was the first major battle of American Revolution, Patriots won (1775)

What happened at the Battle at Bunker hill?

British troops, led by Lord William Howe, were killed in mass numbers because the Patriots sniped the British army from a distance as they marched together(Brits were like an open target)

Lord William Howe put the British in bad formations against the guerilla tactics of the Patriots. British

What was the British war strategy in the Revolutionary War?

To capture all the major landmarks and defeat continental army

What was Washington’s battle strategy in the Revolutionary War?

Tasteful retreats when U.S defeat was imminent in a battle, this preserved his army.

What led to inflation from the war?

Continental Congress printed money to afford materials for the army

What happened at the Battle of Trenton?

Boosted Morale for Patriots (X Mas 1776)

What happened at the Battle of Princeton?

In the night George Washington led his army to victory against General Cornwallis (1777)

What happened at the Battle in Saratoga

Led to French alliance, turning point of the war (Feb 1778)

What happened at Valley Forge?

It was a harsh winter George Washington’s under supplied army struggled through (1777-78)

Why did Britain loose the War?

The British population were not in support of the war and their battle tactics were not equipped for the guerrilla warfare of the patriots

What were the weaknesses of the continental army

Less established military, under funded, loose government authority

What was the 2nd treaty of Paris?

1783 Peace Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War. It affirmed the American independence from Britain.

Who were the main writers of the Treaty of Paris?

John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay

What happened to Loyalists Post-Independence?

Mainy had to flee and become refugees because of insecurity from mob violence and laws. Especially Black and Indian Americans

Why were colonists mad at British after the F/I war?

Because of all the taxes British enacted to pay back war debts

What was the result of the French and Indian War?

British takes control of most of North America

What did the political cartoon of the cut up snake encourage?

Goal is to get colonists to unite against the French during the F/I War, Albany Plan of the Union 1750s. This is to create single channel to England, the colonies don’t agree.

Why were the colonists upset by the Proclamation of 1763?

They were no longer able to settle past the appalachian mountains

What does “No taxation without representation” mean?

Colonists refused to pay taxes until they had representation in parliament

Who were the Sons of Liberty, what did they do?

Patriots, who protested against British rule

What was the purpose of the Intolerable/Coercive Acts?

Punish Massachusetts for Boston Tea party

What is the main purpose of Common Sense?

To convince colonists that they should support independence from Britain

What was the purpose behind the speech “Give me Liberty or give me death?

Informing that it’s time for colonists to act against british

What is an accurate description of Declaration of Independence?

Explain reason for separation from Britain. Lists grievances for how Britain screwed them over towards the end

Natural Rights are defined as..

Rights people are born with

What are the natural rights listed in the Independence

Life Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness

How did the Social Contract Theory justify the colonists’ action in the American Revolution?

Colonists gave the king authority, but he didn’t protect their rights

Lord Cornwallis is significant because…

His invasion of Virginia led to him being trapped at Yorktown

What advantage did the British have over the Americans?

A larger, better trained military

What advantage did the Colonial forces have over the British?

Home turf and the colonists were passionate about independence