Community Engagement Prelims

ayoko na po

Community

Community

It is a group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings.

Communis

Community came from the latin word ____.

Communis

common, public, and shared by all or many

Anthropology

the science of human beings especially : the study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation to physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture

Paleolithic Age

• Old Stone Age

• Hunters & Gatherers

Paleolithic Age

• Crafted tools from rocks and other materials they could find and basically for cutting and chopping

• Oldowan stone tool industry as early known period where men attained craftsmanship

Paleolithic Age

• Archeulan tradition where they slowly improve their tool more robust and symmetrical and the period where human exhibited a form of communal behavior

• Foraging is one of the earliest forms of social stratification

Paleolithic Age

Hunting was mainly tasks for males
Gathering of wild plants and smaller preys was mainly tasks for women

Mesolithic Age

• Middle Stone Age

• Horticultural and Agricultural

Mesolithic Age

• Humans started to cultivate more sustainable sources of food

• They cultivated plants and then later, they formed as Agricultural society

Mesolithic Age

• Parts of their diet were nuts, plants, fish and other animals

• Humans in this period finally found a way on how to provide food for themselves and it was the start of communal settlements

Neolithic Age

• New Stone Age

• Agrarian

Neolithic Age

• Herding was added to agriculture as their main sources of food

• Humans evolved culturally and ushering the dawn of civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and the Indus Valley
  

Neolithic Age

• Humans developed tools using sturdier materials such as metals, which they developed later as farming equipment

• Humans also developed water irrigation

Sociology

• is a branch of social science that analyzes the history, evolution, structure, and functions of the societies.

Social Stratification

• social scientists identify individuals or groups as cohorts sharing common experiences. Such categorizations may be based on work, wealth, or wage and it resulted into split subjects into lower class, middle class, and upper class.

Social Class

is the direct results of classifying people in accordance to material wealth, relative social value, or other traits

Social Mobility

it is the study of how individuals or groups move across classifications and stratifications.

Religion

it is how people or groups are classified by using core religious beliefs and practices as an identifiable social characteristic

Sexuality

identify people or groups through their sexual norms, orientation, interest, and behavior.

Deviance

is rooted on the interaction of society with a certain social anomaly such as a deviant act or norm-defying stunt

Political Science

• views communities as composed of citizens guided under one constitution or government.

• Individuals are considered as constituents whose identification can be summed by their citizenship proven by a contract such as a birth certificate or passport.

• Individuals granted with various rights and privileges such right to vote and is expected to comply with the rules and duties set by the state

Nation

composed of individuals that share a common background such as language, history, or religion

State

a political entity that has the four characteristics (People, Territory, Government, Sovereignity)

Population

the people sharing a geographical space (towns, cities, countries)

Territory

physical area under the rule or jurisdiction under a political system or ruler

Sovereignty

authority of state for self-governance and rule

Government

a group of individuals that administers the functions of the state

Institution

• Are grand social structures that are made up by individuals which, when viewed as whole, exhibit patterns of behavior that create conventions and norms in our society.

• Set patterns of behavior by motivating and restricting conduct by set of rules and regulations

Government

• An institution entrusted with making and enforcing the rules of a society as well as with regulating relations with other societies.

• In order to be considered a _______, a ruling body must be recognized as such by the people it purports to govern

Government

• grants its citizens with the liberties and rights.

• Has the power to lead and govern its citizens within a confines territory.

• Create sweeping policies and laws guided by its laws and constitutions

Monarchy

is a political system in which a representative from one family controls the government and power is passed on through that family from generation to generation

Democracy

is a political system in which citizens periodically choose officials to run their government.

Authoritarianism

is a political system that does not allow citizens to participate in government

Totalitarianism

is a political system under which the government maintains tight control over nearly all aspects of citizens’ lives.

Economic

The institution that provides for the production and distribution of goods and services, which people in every society need. Sometimes they can provide these things for themselves, and sometimes they rely on others to provide them.

Microeconomics

is concerned about the behavior of individual actors and their patterns of consumptions.

Macroeconomics

deals with how individual agents’ collective actions correspond to the whole.

Religion

A social institution that answers questions and explains the seemingly inexplicable. This provides explanations for why things happen and demystifies the ideas of birth and death

Monotheistic

is the belief in one god

Polytheistic

is the belief of many gods

Education

A preschool, a public or private elementary or secondary school, an institution of undergraduate higher education, an institution of graduate higher education, or an institution of professional education, or an institution of vocational education, which operates a program of scholarly research

Civil Society

broadly understood as the combination of organizations, establishments, and individuals that operate outside the influence of the governmental institution

Civil Society

"non-governmental and not- for-profit organizations that have a presence in public life, expressing the interests and values of their members or others, based on ethical, cultural, political, scientific, religious or philanthropic” (WHO)

Civil Society

refers to the space for collective action around shared interests, purposes and values, generally distinct from government and commercial for-profit actors. It includes charities, development NGOs, community groups, women's organizations, faith-based organizations, professional associations, trade unions, social movements, coalitions and advocacy groups. (WHO)

Civil Society Organization

• are composed of various actors, such as other groups, organizations, or institutions that come together to attain a particular goal is vital for the greater good of society

• Operate outside the control of the states and government bit work toward the fulfilment of the same end

Non-government Organization

A non-profit making, voluntary, service-oriented/development oriented organization, either for the benefit of members (a grassroots organization) or of other members of the population (an agency)

Organized, Voluntary, Need-oriented

Characteristics of NGO

Social Movements

• Are groups that exist for a sole purpose or issue and tend to fizzle out once it is attained.

• Grand and seeping on its scale, their impact is mostly short-live and fragile

Social Movements

• Exist through the sheer will of their member in spreading their concerns in various platforms, such as through flash gatherings and rallies.

• High mobility

• They seek challenge the status quo by proposing a substitute, altering current trends, or totally fighting against conventions to set a new strands

Interest Groups

Are also called special interest group, advocacy group, or pressure group, any association of individuals or organizations, usually formally organized, that, on the basis of one or more shared concerns, attempts to influence public policy in its favor.

Local Government Organization

Is a state agency that directly appointed by the government to carry out its duties for a special goals. It is considered to be permanent as long as the state of deems it is necessary.

International Organizations

Are institutions that are broader than NGOs and government organization. They cover a wide array of issues including global concerns such as poverty, malnutrition, and environment.

Communities

are composed of layers of people, groups, and structures. As such as, they create a network of parallel, intersecting, overlapping, and diverging interactions that, in its totality, create the social milieu we have at the present.

Social Status

is all about the dynamic of individual identity relative to its social environment

Role

is a set of defined and expected behavior or norms that is ascribe to a certain social status.

Structural Functionalism

in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought according to which each of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute a society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and of society as a whole.

Conflict Theory

by Karl Marx, an analysis of our society is how he sees that almost everything starts with economics.

Symbolic Interactionism

takes itself away from the other theories and perspectives as it does not look into primary social institutions as the main variable of study but rather looks into individuals, their histories, and their perspectives.

Political Structures

politics is about power, governance, administration, and decision-making

Economic Structure

societies run on production and consumption

Perfect Competition

is an open market that has an indefinite number of buyers and sellers.

Monopoly

a kind of market where only one individual or company has the ability to produce a much-needed good or service

Oligopoly

is a market where only few are able to produce certain goods or services

Monopolistic Competition

treading between monopoly and a perfect competition, a state when there are also an infinite number of sellers but each one is properly differentiated from other competitors in the sphere

Monopsony

it determine a market type depending on the number of buyers the particular market has.

Sociocultural Structures

are composed of various institutions, assemblies, and actors

Technological Structures

we need to advance critical thought and innovation as one of the most important governance initiative.

Environmental Structures

various institutions should spearheaded concerted effort to protect the environment and mitigate the effects of natural calamities and disasters

Resiliency

the ability of the community to get back on its feet after a calamity and continue with its existence

Vigilance

is more than just being awake and alert to avoid dangers of problems. In the community development, this is the sustained assessment of not just a threats or danger but of progressive ideas and solutions

Progressive

• means to challenge and have a new way of thinking.
  demands forward thinking

• to act on ideas; it is to change the status quo by anticipating future trends.

• Innovative solutions come from these ideas

• Synergy is important for ideas to flourish and take root.

Adaptability

• Is about any virtue, being able to face challenges and obstacles and making choice.

• challenges the community to be creative and finds new ways of planning, implementing, and sustaining growth

Accountability

• an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility for one’s action.

• Our duty as creators is to be ____ for our actions and to take our obligation to review ourselves.

• Ethics should always be a priority of any kind of social process along with this to safeguard the stakeholders from the corrupt practices

Engagement

• is all about connecting to the community and its people.

• Knowing the current pulse of the community can help community leaders determine the pressing problems that need to be addressed.

• Methods such key informant interviews, focus group discussions, or surveys can contribute to our engagement with the community

Planning

is the next step in realizing ideas from a blueprint. It needs not only the people who are directly affected but also experts, industry leaders, and scholars who can contribute their knowledge and experience to the planning.

Implementation

is the next point of emphasis, advancing program from paper to procedure is a monumental task for community leaders.

Development

• needs foresight and progressive thinking; a project life will not plateau after implementation.

• It should aspire for the improvement of the project using current tools and methods for the community implementation, in accordance with the shifting demands of people and situation

Sustainability

is the goal that each program aspires to reach; in reaching this level in the cycle, the program should have passed the rigorous standards of the public.