Lecture 10

Work and health

• employed

• better

• enhancing, destroying

Health and jobs:

• Being _____ promotes health

• The higher the quality of the job, the _____ the person’s mental and physical health

• Good jobs are health ______; bad jobs are health _______

1. They reinforce existing health problems

2. The create new health problems

3. They are more stressful and demanding

What are the 3 ways through which bad jobs are health destroying?

gradient

General patterns of employment both reflect and reinforce the social ______ in health

• risks

• stress

• nutritious, activity, housing, care

Pathways through which work affects physical and mental health:

• Physical aspects of the work/workplace → increased exposure to physical _____ and hazards

• Psychosocial aspects of the work/how it’s organized → increased _______

• Work-related resources and opportunities → inability to obtain ______ foods, inadequate physical _____, unhealthy _____, less access to medical ______

• High job demand (lots of work and responsibilities) + low job control (low autonomy) = exposure to stress

• Can also include a 3rd dimension which is workplace social support from supervisors and colleagues

What’s the job demand-control model by Karasek?

Because job control effects have a bigger influence on men

Why is the job demand-control model a male model?

• High job effort + low job rewards = exposure to stress

• Concerns itself with organizational inequities

What is the effort reward imbalance model by Siegrist?

When people have excessive job demands and they exhaust their job resources (job security, rewards, pay…), they face stress

What is the job demand resources model by Demerouti et al.?

• There are continuous interactions and adjustments between a person and their environment

• There are 2 phases in this interaction: cognitive appraisal and coping

What is the transactional process model by Lazarus and Folkman?

When chronic stresses and excessive demands at work are not compensated by adequate social support

What’s an isostrain?

unemployment

→ lower

People in the lowest quality, worst-paid jobs are at the greatest risk of _______

→ The quality of job depends on education, which is influenced by SES at birth so that people with _____ SES are at higher risk of unemployment

• income

• socializing

Unemployment affects health through:

• Loss of employment ______

• Loss of ______ outlets

causality, health

Unemployment has 3 levels of _______ (proximal - individual, intermediate - household, distal - population) and they all can impact the ______ of an unemployed person

• globalization

• knowledge

• industrialization

• unionization

• skilling

• Privatization

Some changes in the nature of employment:

• Increased ________ and international interdependence

• Move towards _______ economies by focusing on technical innovation

• De-________

• De-________

• De-________

• _______ of services and sectors