W3 Revision - Functions, Tenor, Phrases, Clauses & Sentences

FUNCTION of - an ad for the iPhone 16

Conative (to persuade you to buy it) & Referential (to give information about the product)

FUNCTION of - etymonline website

Metalinguistic (to explain the meaning & origin of words)

FUNCTION of - press conference after a tennis match

Emotive (expressing their feelings about the match) & Referential (to give information about what happened in the match)

FUNCTION of - welcome speech by the school Captains at assembly

Phatic (to establish social bonds) & Referential (to give information about school events or processes)

FUNCTION of - Facebook post from the local pool about opening hours

Referential function

FUNCTION of - an IKEA construction manual

Conative (instructions on how to build)

FUNCTION of - an apology note left by someone who's hit your car

Emotive (apologising), Referential (giving their contact details) and/or Phatic (maintaining social bonds)

FUNCTION of - someone sharing new lyrics in an instagram text post

Poetic (to show the beauty/poetry of the lyrics)

FUNCTION of - asking what a new word means

Metalinguistic

FUNCTION of - asking "Do you mind??" when someone bumps into you

Conative (showing that you expect an apology) & Emotive (expressing frustration)

FUNCTION of - an English Language textbook

Referential (giving information about linguistics) & Metalinguistics (discussing the meaning of language)

Referential function - def

to share information

Conative function - def

to give questions, directions, instructions or commands

Emotive function - def

to express emotions & feelings

Phatic function - def

to build and/or maintain social bonds

Metalinguistic function - def

to describe or refer to language & its meaning

Poetic function - def

to show the beauty of language & linguistic expression

Phrase or clause?

the fat duck

Noun Phrase - because there's no verb

Phrase or clause?

the fat duck is eating

Clause - because there's a noun phrase AND a verb phrase

Definite or indefinite article?

the fat duck is eating

Definite article - 'the' means one specific duck, not any duck

Main clause or subordinate clause?

the fat duck is eating quickly

Main clause - because has a noun phrase & a verb phrase AND it can make sense (as a sentence) by itself

Main clause or subordinate clause?

while the other ducks run around

Subordinate clause - because it has a noun phrase & a verb phrase BUT it doesn't make sense as a sentence by itself

Phrase or clause?

We are going

Clause - because there's a noun phrase AND a verb phrase

Phrase or clause?

My friends

Noun phrase - because it's a group of words that function as a noun

Phrase or clause?

will be going

Verb phrase - because it's a group of words that function as a verb

Phrase or clause?

stupid and boring

Adjective phrase - because it's a group of words that function as an adjective

Phrase or clause?

after we go to the game

Clause - because there's a noun phrase & a verb phrase

**it's a subordinate clause - why??

How many clauses in this sentence??

The year is almost over

ONE - it only has one noun phrase + verb phrase combo

How many clauses in this sentence??

It's the end of the year and I'm so ready for holidays

TWO -

- it's the end of the year

- I'm so ready for holidays

Coordinating or subordinating conjunctions?

and, but, nor, yet, so

Coordinating conjunctions

(remember the FANBOYS acronym - for and nor but or yet so)

Coordinating or subordinating conjunctions?

however, if, while, whereas, hence

Subordinating conjunctions

Compound sentence or complex sentence?

It's the end of the year and I'm so ready for holidays

Compound sentence

- because it has 'and' joining the two clauses

- 'and' is one of the coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS)

Compound sentence or complex sentence?

They finally put the fires out but a lot of homes were already lost.

Compound sentence

- because it has the conjunction 'but' joining the two clauses

- 'but' is one of the coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS)

Compound sentence or complex sentence?

I'd love to join, however I don't think it'll work with my schedule.

Complex sentence

- because it has the conjunction 'however' joining the two clauses

- 'however' is a subordinating conjunction

Complex sentence or compound-complex sentence?

I really hated the first Spiderman trilogy, whereas this one has a brand new cast and it's really good!

Compound-complex

- because it has BOTH a coordinating conjunction (and) and a subordinating conjunction (whereas)

The four TYPES of sentence

Declarative - stating information

Imperative - giving an instruction

Exclamative - expressing emotion

Interrogative - asking a question

What TYPE of sentence?

That wasn't cool man

Declarative OR exclamative

What TYPE of sentence?

When does class finish?

Interrogative

What TYPE of sentence?

This weather is sooo annoying

Exclamative

What TYPE of sentence?

Don't be home late!

Imperative

What TYPE of sentence?

No dogs allowed inside

Imperative (because it's giving an instruction)