Glacier and Lakes

What is a glacier?

When snow continuously accumulates in a snowfield, the snow at the bottom becomes slippery and flows (creeps) due to the pressure of the snow above.

What is a snow line?

An imaginary line that separates the area where snow constantly accumulates on the Earth's surface.

Why is the height of the snow line low in polar regions, causing glaciers to become long and flow into the sea, where large blocks of ice float?

What are these floating blocks of ice called?

Iceberg

Since the velocity of a glacier is higher in the middle, in what shape does it flow?

Tongue Shaped

Types of Glacier

1) Valley Glacier 2) Continental Glacier 3) Piedmont Glacier

What is a valley glacier?

A glacier that flows through a defined valley in a mountainous terrain (e.g., Khumbu Glacier in the Mount Everest region).

What is a continental glacier?

A glacier that covers a large part of a continent and flows towards the sea.

What is a piedmont glacier?

A glacier formed at the foot of a mountain where two or more valley glaciers meet.

What are the large depressions formed when a glacier plucks rocks in its path as it flows?

Cirque

What are the materials (soil, sand, rocks, vegetation) carried by a glacier called?

Moraines

What is the long ridge

like landform formed by the accumulation of moraines called?

What is the plain formed by the accumulation of sand and soil in front of the mouth of a glacier called?

Outwash plain

How is a 'U' shaped valley formed?

due to Erosion by Glaciers

Types of Moraines

Terminal, Lateral, Medial, Ground, Surface

Terminal Moraine

Moraines deposited at the end of a glacier.

Lateral Moraine

Moraines deposited on the right and left edges of a glacier.

Medial Moraine

Moraines formed where the lateral moraines of two glaciers join at their confluence.

Ground Moraine

Moraines deposited at the bottom of a glacier.

Surface Moraine

Moraines scattered on the upper surface of a glacier.

What is a lake?

A body of water surrounded by land on all sides.

into how many types can lakes be divided into based on the nature of the water?

2 (Freshwater lake and Saltwater lake)

What are the reasons for a lake to disappear?

Earthquake (raising the bottom of the lake or breaking its banks), sun, wind, river, vegetation, landslide, and human activities.

Which is the largest lake in the world?

Caspian Sea

Which is the deepest lake in the world?

Lake Baikal in Siberia

Earthquake Lake is formed when

when an earthquake causes a depression on the surface.

Rift Valley Lake is formed when

when a part of the Earth's surface sinks due to an earthquake, and water accumulates in the depression.

Glacial Lake is formed when

when water accumulates in the hollows created by glaciers plucking large rocks.

Moraine Lake is formed when

when a river is blocked by moraines brought by a glacier.

Crater Lake is formed when

when rainwater accumulates in the crater of a dead volcano.

Volcanic Lake is formed when

when lava from a volcanic eruption blocks the water of a river.

Oxbow Lake is formed

in a plain area when a river, during a flood, abandons its meandering path and flows straight, trapping water in the old path.

Triangular Lake is formed when

when two glaciers meet, and water is trapped between the rivers.

Solution Lake is formed

in terrain made of limestone when water dissolves the limestone, creating an internal cavity, causing the upper part to sink and form a depression.

Top 5 Largest Lakes in the World

Caspian Sea (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Azerbaijan, and Iran), Lake Superior (Canada and United States), Lake Victoria (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda), Lake Huron (Canada and United States), Lake Michigan (United States)

Top 10 Highest waterfalls in the World

Angel(Venezuela), Tugela (South africa), Cuquenan(Venezuela), Sutherland(New Zealand), Takkakawa(British Colombia), Ribbon(California), Upper Yosemite(California), Gavarnie(France), Vetisfoss(Norway), Widows' tears(California)