ELA final 2025 Outline guide

1. Nouns .

1. Words that name people, places, things, or ideas

2. Verbs

2. Words that show action or state of being.

3. Adjectives

3. Words that describe nouns.

4. Adverbs

4. Words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

5. Pronouns –

Words that replace nouns (e.g., he, she, it, they).

6. Conjunctions – Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, because).

7. Prepositions – Words that show relationships between nouns and other words (e.g., in,

on, at).

8. Interjections – Words or phrases used to express strong emotions (e.g., Wow! Oh no!).

9. Subject-Verb Agreement – Ensuring that the subject and verb in a sentence match in

number (singular/plural).

10. Sentence Fragments – Incomplete sentences that are missing a subject or verb.

11. Run-on Sentences – Sentences that incorrectly combine two independent clauses without

proper punctuation or conjunction.

Punctuation -

Interrogative Sentence

An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark.

Imperative Sentence

An imperative sentence gives a command or request. It usually ends with a period but can also

end with an exclamation point if the command is strong.

Exclamatory Sentence

An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion or excitement and ends with an exclamation

point.

Declarative Sentence

A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends with a period.

Reading Comprehension - 9 questions

Vocab in Context - Learning vocabulary "in context" means using surrounding words, phrases, or sentences within a text to infer the meaning of an unfamiliar word, rather than immediately consulting a dictionary.

Synonyms - Words that have the same or similar meanings.

Antonyms - Words that have opposite meanings.

Roots - The basic form of a word before prefixes or suffixes are added.

Literary terms :

1. Theme – The central message or lesson in a story.

2. Main Idea – The primary point or focus of a text.

3. Plot – The sequence of events in a story.

4. Setting – The time and place in which a story takes place.

5. Characterization – The way an author develops characters in a story.

6. Conflict – The struggle between opposing forces in a story.

7. Point of View – The perspective from which a story is told (first-person, second-person,

third-person).

8. Protagonist – The main character in a story, often the hero.

9. Antagonist – The character or force that opposes the protagonist.

10. Foreshadowing – A hint or clue about what will happen later in the story.

11. Flashback – A scene that interrupts the present action to show an event from the past.

12. Symbolism – The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

13. Imagery – Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.

14. Irony – A contrast between expectation and reality (e.g., verbal, situational, dramatic).

15. Metaphor – A comparison between two unlike things without using

16. Simile – A comparison between two unlike things using

17. Allusion – A reference to another work of literature, person, or event.

18. Tone – The author’s attitude toward the subject or audience.

19. Mood – The feeling or atmosphere created by a text.

Essay Question about Westing Games

KNOW ONE CHARACTER WHO CHANGED

Turtle - As the game progresses, Turtle's character deepens. She develops a greater understanding of her own feelings and emotions, and she begins to trust others, even those who were initially perceived as adversaries. For instance, she forms an unlikely alliance with a delivery boy and challenges older characters, demonstrating her growing assertiveness and determination. She changes from not being interested in the game to becoming so invested in it that she could not stop listening to the stock market reports.