Chapter 54 - Sonography and High-Risk Pregnancy

A

The caudal regression is found most commonly in patients with which one of the following?
A) diabetes
B) systemic lupus erythematosus
C) premature rupture of membranes
D) hypertension

B

The development of conjoined twins occurs when the division of the egg occurs days after conception.
A) 8
B) 13
C) 3
D) 25

B

Twins that arise from two separately fertilized ova are known as which one of the following?
A) monozygotic
B) dizygotic
C) diamniotic
D) monochorionic

D

Secondary to pregnancy-induced hypertension, a coma and seizures in the patient during the second and third trimesters represents which one of the following?
A) alloimmune thrombocytopenia
B) hydrops
C) erythroblastosis fetalis
D) eclampsia

D

Fetal death that occurs after the fetus has reached a certain growth that is too large to reabsorb into the uterus is which one of the following?
A) Spalding sign
B) nonimmune hydrops
C) stuck twin
D) fetus papyraceous

D

Which one of the following complications of pregnancy is characterized by increasing hypertension, proteinuria, and edema?
A) fetal hydrops
B) thrombocytopenia
C) diabetes
D) preeclampsia

C

Which one of the following terms describes a group of conditions in which hydrops is present in the fetus but is not a result of fetomaternal blood group incompatibility?
A) toxemia
B) hyperemesis gravidarum
C) nonimmune hydrops (NIH)
D) immune hydrops

D

Hypertensive pregnancies may be associated with which one of the following abnormalities?
A) large placentas
B) caudal regression syndrome
C) macrosomia
D) small placentas

C

What sonographic finding(s) confirms the presence of a diamniotic pregnancy?
A) two yolk sacs
B) two placentas
C) membrane that separates the fetuses
D) two fetal poles

B

Which one of the following is defined as the appearance of overlapping skull bones that indicates fetal death?
A) fetus papyraceous
B) Spalding sign
C) Lemon sign
D) cranial regression syndrome

D

Sonographic findings of fetal hydrops in an isoimmunized pregnancy include all of the following except:
A) polyhydraminos
B) pericardial effusion
C) pleural effusion
D) thinning placenta

D

Hydrops caused by fetal tachycardia most commonly demonstrates a heart rate ranging between and _ beats per minute (bpm).
A) 160, 200
B) 210, 250
C) 220, 250
D) 200, 240

B

Maternal obesity has been associated with an increase incidence of which one of the following abnormalities?
A) biliary atresia
B) neural tube defects
C) polycystic kidney disease
D) hydrocephalus

B

Caudal regression syndrome is described as which one of the following?
A) lacks the development of caudal nerves
B) lacks the development of the caudal spine and cord
C) is associated with chromosome abnormalities
D) is observed in systemic lupus erythematous

B

Skeletal and central nervous system congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers include all of the following except:
A) anencephaly
B) macrocephaly
C) caudal regression syndrome
D) neural tube defects

D

Premature labor is defined as the onset of labor before weeks' gestation.
A) 40
B) 39
C) 38
D) 37

B

Monochorionic twin pregnancy, during which one fetus develops without a heart or upper body, is which one of the following terms?
A) stuck twin
B) acardiac anomaly
C) conjoined twins
D) twin-to-twin transfusion

C

Which one of the following statements about twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome is true?
A) the venous blood of one twin is pumped into the arterial system of the other twin
B) twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome occurs between the fetal umbilical cords
C) the arterial blood of one twin is pumped into the venous system of the other twin
D) this syndrome is a common complication of multiple gestations

B

Poly-oli sequence is also known as which one of the following anomalies?
A) acardiac anomaly
B) stuck twin syndrome
C) twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
D) Spalding sign

A

Stuck twin syndrome is usually observed between and _ weeks' gestation.
A) 16, 26
B) 16, 20
C) 10, 14
D) 12, 24

A

A diamniotic and dichorionic twin pregnancy demonstrated which one of the following sonographic findings?
A) two gestational sacs and two placenta
B) two gestational sacs and one embryo
C) one gestational sac and two placentas
D) two gestational sacs and one placenta

D

Which one of the following is demonstrated if the division of one fertilized egg occurs 4 to 8 days after fertilization?
A) one amnion and one chorion
B) two chorion and two amnions
C) one amnion and two chorion
D) one chorion and two amnions

A

In twin-to-twin transfusions syndrome, which one of the following statements is true?
A) all of the above
B) the recipient twin may demonstrate polyhydraminos
C) an arteriovenous shunting within the placenta is demonstrated
D) both twins are at risk of dying

B

Predictors of discordance in the growth of twins include all except which one of the following?
A) difference in abdominal circumference of 20 mm or greater
B) difference in biparietal diameter of 10 mm or greater
C) difference in femur length of 5 mm or greater
D) difference in estimated fetal weight greater than 20%

A

Which one of the following is the most frequent cause of immune hydrops?
A) cardiovascular lesions
B) congenital nephrotic syndrome
C) duodenal atresia
D) umbilical cord anomalies