Psy 301 Final Ole Miss

modules 9, 10 and 11

what are personal control beliefs?

the idea that the individual can dictate outcomes in a specific situation

what reflects the belief that most of us have our character set like plaster by the age of 30. However, more recent research shows that while some people maintain stable personalities over time, others do not

stable personality

remarriage is more popular with woman than men, a gender gap that increases in middle and later adulthood? (T/F)

false

____ means that time is a valuable commodity requiring careful consideration and investment

mortality salience

rates of marital happiness are highest in the years prior to the birth of the first child, low point. with the coming of children, and begin to improve when _____

children leave home

in midlife, people spend lots of time thinking of their lives in terms of how long they have lived. They are not concerned with how many years are left, and there is no urgency to start to make changes now (T/F)

false

David is retiring from the company after thirty years. His boss, Sandra, is worried that the person she is training to replace him may not be able to. She has shown him all the systems, and introduced him to customers and clients. The new person is proficient in all of those systems, and he is extremely personable. “Why am I so worried?” wonders Sandra. The answer has something to do with tacit knowledge, which is

knowledge which cannot be codified, transferred in a written form, or even properly verbalized, and, therefore difficult to transfer

_____ refers to a period of transition in which a woman’s ovaries stop releasing eggs and the level of estrogen and progesterone production decreases

menopause

a primary motivation in continuing to work has been identified as a desire to pass on skills and experience, a process researchers have described as _____ or mentoring

leader generativity

________ is the feeling of lethargy and a lack of enthusiasm and involvement in both individual and communal affairs

stagnation

________ describes the experience of men during climacteric

andropause

the _____ of adult cognition began in 1956 and has found that cognitive abilities decrease beginning in the sixth decade and gain increasing significance from that point foward

Seattle longitudinal study

having a single confidante is more important to happiness than having a large social network (T/F)

true

the following theory, ______ maintains that as time horizons shrink, people become increasingly selective, investing greater resources in emotionally meaningful goals and activities

socio-emotional selectivity theory (SST)

contrary to what many may think, lifestyle really does not have much of a lasting impact on the health status of midlife adults (T/F)

false

in middle adulthood, the “middle-aged spread” is the weight gain or accumulation of fat in the abdomen that is often one of the common complaints of midlife adults (T/F)

true

there is now increasing evidence about the harmful effects of chronic inflammation in general. it is implicated in a whole series of degenerative illnesses. What diet is recommended in helping to avoid this?

the mediterranean diet

in marriages destined to fail, partners engage in the “_______” such as contempt, criticism, defensiveness, and stonewalling

marriage killers

fewer than half of midlife adults exercise and only about _____ exercise frequently and strenuously enough to achieve health benefits

20 percent

in addition to middle-aged parents spending more time, money, and energy taking care of their adult children, they are also increasingly taking care of their own aging and ailing parents which is referred to as the

sandwich generation

exercise encourages new nerve growth slowing the progression of ______, the loss of muscle tissue and function as we age

sacropenia

two categories of intelligence that show different rates of change across the life span. _______ refers to information processing abilities, such as logical reasoning, remembering lists, spatial ability, and reaction time. __________ encompasses abilities that draw upon experience and knowledge

fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence

generativity vs stagnation for Erikson is a movement away from individual self-development towards “___________.”

belief in the species

once commonly used to treat menopausal symptoms, ______ therapy has been associated with breast cancer, stroke, and the development and blood clots, and is therefore not utilized as a form of treatment as much now

hormone replacement

according to Levinson, the ________ - __________ view argues that each stage overlaps and consists of a stable phase and a transitional phase into the following period

stage-crisis

hearing loss is experienced by 30% of people age _____ and older with almost half of people over ___ having some hearing loss

65;90

grandparenting typically begins in _______ rather than late adulthood, but longer lifespans means being grandparents for longer

midlife

which statement is true of life expectancies in the United States?

life expectancies are on the rise, but active life expectancies are decreasing

a large generational divide involves the use of technology. a 70 year old is less likely to use technology than a 20 year old. research shows that some of this difference may be explained by a decline in attention and memory that occurs as we age. what kind of age related change would describe this limitation?

cognitive

Erik Erikson referred to the psychosocial task in late adulthood as ________ versus __________ where the goal is to look back over life with satisfaction

integrity; dispair

because men in late adulthood are more likely to suffer from emotional isolation, they are typically at a higher risk for ______

suicide

the ______ theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time

free radical

according to research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, chronic disease is especially a concern in the elderly population in America. it is estimated that at least 80% of older Americans are currently living with some form of a chronic condition, with 50% of this population having two or more chronic conditions. _______ is the leading cause of death from chronic disease for adults older than 65.

heart disease

stereotypes about people in late adulthood lead many to assume that aging automatically brings ______

mental decline

activity theory states that the more active older adults are the more stable and positive their self-concept will be, which will then lead to greater life satisfaction and higher morale (T/F)

true

______ is the umbrella category use to describe the general long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that affects a person’s daily functioning

dementia

Bonnie is a 65-year-old woman who has difficulty managing simple, everyday tasks because of painful swelling of the joints in her hands. Bonnie has most likely been diagnosed with _______

arthritis

the _____ limit refers to the limited number of times cells divide and then stop

Hayflick

Lorraine is 70 years old and complains that she cannot read or drive as well as she once could because her vision and especially her peripheral vision has decreased. after an eye exam, the doctor tells her that. the fluid in her eyes cannot be drained properly causing too much pressure in her eyes. what condition does Lorraine have?

glaucoma

________ are people aged 100 or older and are both rare and distinct from the rest of the older population

centenarians

Anna Mae is 72 years old. she recently became a volunteer for Habitat for Humanity when a project was introduced to her group of friends at the Senior Community Center where she was already involved in tutoring school children in reading and math. this is just an example of how people in late adulthood continue to be ____ in many ways

productive

demographers use which terminology to describe people between the ages of 65 and 74 years

young old

Essie is an 86-year-old woman who tries to function independently but has suffered for several years with forgetfulness, especially with recent memories. she has trouble finding her car in the parking lot after grocery shopping. the store managers have called her children to come and help her. she has been known to forget her way home at times. her children worry that she may have a form of dementia called ________

Alzheimer’s disease

_________, biological aging, is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics

senescence

men are more likely to be widowed, reflecting their longer life expectancy, with the death of a spouse being one of life’s most disruptive experiences (T/F)

false

we are considered to be in late adulthood by the time we reach our __________ until ________

mid-sixties; death

__________ is the most common form of dementia and is incurable, but there are also nonorganic causes of dementia which can be prevented

Alzheimer’s disease

while Gary is at the ATM during the lunchtime rush, he fumbles while trying to insert his credit card and takes a long time reading the prompts to withdraw money and terminate his transaction. He overhears someone behind mutter, “Hurry up grandpa! Some of us have work to do.” the words are an example of _______

ageism

as we age ______ loses some capacity making it difficult to concentrate on more than one thing at a time or remembering details

working memory

older adults rely more on mental rehearsal strategies to store and retrieve information. younger adults rely more on external cues such as familiarity and context to recall information (T/F)

true

________ occurs when a physician prescribes the means by which a person can end his or her own life

physician-assisted suicide

the major causes of death vary significantly among age groups with ______ being a leading cause of death for the widest variety of ages

unintentional injuries

_______ emphasized focusing on the patient rather than the disease and introduced the notion of “total pain”

Dime Cicely Saunders

______ occurs when a death is expected and survivors have time to prepare to some extent before the loss

anticipatory grief

the laws that govern physician-assisted suicide vary between states, but a person will always be convicted of a felony if they proceed with this type of death (T/F)

false

what does physiological death refer to?

the ceasing of vital organs to function

what is a key aspect of the work that palliative care doctors do?

help dying individuals and their families understand what is happening and what it may imply

many causes of death in are linked at least in part to ______. many are preventable, to some extent, and some are avoidable if the proper actions are taken

lifestyle choices

_______ broke down grief into four stages: shock, yearning, despair, and recovery

Parkes

________ involves palliation with curative intent and is typically used by people without further options or who have decided not to pursue further options

hospice care

it has been said that grief lasts about two years or less but intense grief is throughout life (T/F)

false

what is a major goal of hospice care?

to help dying patients be as free from pain as possible

________ is often the first reaction to overwhelming, unimaginable news and protects us by allowing the news to enter slowly

denial

the following are strategies including in healthy grieving except

put the impending death ou of mind and focus on only positive things

_______ described five stages of loss experienced by someone facing the news of their impending death that provide a framework for understanding the psychological experience of an impending death

Kübler-Ross

________ is the outward expressions of grief and mourning and funeral rites are expressions of loss reflecting personal and cultural beliefs

mourning

________ refers to helping a person fulfill their wish to die and can happen through voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide

euthanasia

Harvey, who is suffering from poor health in a nursing home, is told by the doctor that he will probably not live another six months. Harvey tries to remain positive, but visits from his family and friends become more infrequent and the doctors and nurses seem to avoid him. which aspect of death is characterized by this behavior?

social

the ______ suggests that negative events tend to lose their emotional intensity at a faster rate than pleasant events

fading affect bias

________ is an interdisciplinary approach to specialized medical and nursing care for people with life-limiting illnesses

palliative care

_______ involves learning how to carry on and incorporate this aspect of the life span into daily existence

acceptance

someone is _______ when there is no longer brain activity, referred to as clinically dead

brain dead

what is the difference between social death and psychological death?

social death occurs when other accept the impending death of the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the dying individual accepts his/her own death

not all racial and ethnic groups feel the same way about hospice (T/F)

true

what is a major function of ceremonies such as funerals and memorial services?

they provide the surviving individuals with a sense of closure