DCUSH 1302 Final Review

Interstate Commerce Act

law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses

John D. Rockefeller

\-created standard oil and gained control of 90% of the nation’s oil refining -set up trusts to help keep control of all buisness in each state, without allowing for state regulations -horizontal integration

Andrew Carnegie

\-steel production -vertical integration -Bessemer Steel Process -Gospel of Wealth: "not evil, but good" of the accumulation of wealth

Social Darwinism

\-survival of the fittest -wealthy people were rich due to being fittest and should not be prevented from acquiring more wealth

Herbert Spencer

created the concept of social darwinism

Dawes Severalty Act

\-surveryed native lands, apportioned the natives each 160 acres to farm individually -had to assimilate to customs of white man

Thomas Edison

\-created Direct Current(DC) -beat Tesla by partnering with J.P. Morgan, creating General Electric

J.P. Morgan

\-bought out smaller fledgling buisnesses -bought out Carnegie Steel -first billion dollar corporation

Samuel Gompers

Created the American Federation of Labor

Knights of Labor

embraced all labor, including women and blacks, increasing its members and power

Booker T. Washington

\-equal treatment for blacks -emphasized hard work and personal development rather than rebellion -popular figure among white reformers

Pendleton Act

\-limited practice of campaign contributions from federal employees -established rules on how officials could raise funds

Urbanization

\-major cities experience boom in population -problems of sanitation and usable water -rise of suburbs for rich and skyscrapers -new transportation

Jane Adams

founder of Hull House

New Immigrants

\-southern and eastern europeans immigrating -italians, polish, russian jews

political machine

\-political boss leads an organization to dominate politics in cities -relied on votes of inner city population -able to efficiently control supply of money

Boss Tweed

most famous political boss

Tammany Hall

\-Political machine in New York -run by Boss Tweed

Thomas Nast

\-political cartoonist who exposed Boss Tweed as criminal and corrupt

Sherman Antitrust Act

\-outlawed combination in restraint of trade -aimed at trusts and monopolies but limited ability to enforce it

Populist Party

focused on inflating the currency

Plessy v. Ferguson

\-1/8th Black, arrested, taken to Supreme Court -"Seperate but Equal"

W.E.B. DuBois

\-active approach for change -provided basis for the foundation of the NAACP

Homestead Act

\-settlers can recieve a 160 acre plot to settle free, but not enough to profit from -purchased additional on credit

Battle of Wounded Knee

\-General Phillip Sheridan -massacre of 300 unarmed Native Americans at Wounded Knee by American Soldiers

Yellow Journalism

\-popular fanaticism used to sensationalize news stories -William Randolph Hearst

U.S.S. Maine

\-ship that exploded off the coast of Havana -contributed to start of Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War

\-yellow journalism was a catalyst -main combat occured in Cuba -smoked yankees

Result of Spanish-American War

\-US gained Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico -Spain gave up rights to Cuba

Open Door Policy

policy proposed where all nations would have equal oppurtunity to trade in China

“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

refers to Roosevelt Corollary about an agressive foreign policy

Roosevelt Corollary

extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect all American Nations against European Imperialism

Panama Canal

\-initially under control of Colombia -United States recognizes Panama as a nation to get them to build the canal -huge and effective means for trade

Dollar Diplomacy

\-Taft's foreign policy used towards Latin America and Asia to increase peace and stability -use of financial influence rather than military

Trustbuster

\-wanted to destroy big buisnesses and monopolies -first law suit was against Northern Securities

Square Deal

\-Roosevelt intervened in a coal strike -benefit all parties involved

Muckrakers

journalists who exposed corruption and weakness in society and buisness

The Jungle

\-book written by Upton Sinclair exposing the unsanitary conditions in factory plants -led to Food and Drug Act

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

\-aided urban poor, prison inmates, and protest male dominance -focused on prohibition

Frances Willard

founder of the Women’s Christian Temperance Movement

tenements

Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived

Ellis Island

immigrant processing center in New York City

Pure Food and Drug Act

the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

banned Chinese immigration into America

Great White Fleet

Roosevelt sent the US Navy on a tour to show off naval power

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

Henry Ford

\-founder of Ford Motor Company -assembly line

Mexican Revolution

armed rebellion in which the Mexican people fought for political and social reform

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary who was assassinated

18th Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

19th Amendment

Women’s suffrage

Lusitania

american boat that was sunk by German U boats causing America to enter WW1

Pancho Villa

\-A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution -formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germans stated they would sink any ships in british waters without warning

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.

Bolshevik Revolution

take over of Russia by Lenin and communists

John J. Pershing

US general who led troops to capture Pancho Villa

Henry Cabot Lodge

senator who wanted to keep the United States out of the League of Nations

Warren G. Harding

return to normalcy

Selective Service Act

required 21-30 year old males to register for the military

The Birth of a Nation

\-Controversial but highly influential and innovative silent film - demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK

The Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs

Treaty of Versailles

ended WW1

League of Nations

organization formed after WW1 to promote peace and cooperation

Sacco and Vanzetti

\-two men convicted of murder and robbery -became depictions of the Red Scare

Bootlegger

someone who illegally sold alcohol during Prohibition

Al Capone

A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits

Radio

\-major broadcasting companies rose to prominence -national shows, news reports, entertainment

Red Scare

A period of general fear of communists

Teapot Dome Scandal

corruption by a Harding cabinet member, who took bribes to allow oil drilling on public lands

Harlem Renaissance

A literary and artistic movement celebrating African-American culture

Scopes Trial

court case where Tennessee teacher was found guilty for teaching Evolution

Stock Market Crash of 1929

Plunge in stock market prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression

Black Thursday

\-market collapsed -stockholders lost $9 billion in equity -16 million shares sold in one day

Hoovervilles

Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress

Bonus Army

WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding their $1,000 bonus pay before the 1945 due date

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR foreign policy with Latin America

20th Amendment

\- changed dates when President and Congress switch over -"Lame-duck" Amendment

margin trading

\-purchase stock on credit, paying only 10-15% of actual price -belief if stock prices continue to rise, investor could sell the stocks at a higher level, pay off Broker and still gain profit

insider trading

\-an unethical activity in which insiders use private company information to further their own fortunes or those of their family and friends -stock prices manipulated

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

\-Hoover's attempt to recover industry -raised rates on imported goods making european goods expensive

Banking Crisis

\-lost confidence in banking system -withdraw of deposit -run on banks

Fireside Chats

\-informal talks given by FDR over the radio -sat by White House fireplace -gained the confidence of the people

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

Civilian Conservation Corps

\-young men, "city boys" would be given jobs, in camps run by US army -would stock rivers, fight forest fires, clean benches, build wildlife shelters -eased unemployment and lowered crime rate

Tennessee Valley Authority

\-help improve regional planning and develop natural resources -attacked nation's poorest areas of farmers and sharecroppers who had no electricty, medical care, schooling, or roads

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops

Dust Bowl

\-dust storms swept through Great Plains region -fields turning to sand dunes -triggered mass migration

Fair Labor Standards Act

\-set minimum wage -max workweek of 44 hours -outlawed child labor

Securities and Exchange Commission

oversees stock and bond markets

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails

21st Amendment

Repeal of Prohibition

Second New Deal

\-established Works Progress Administration -additional banking reforms, new tax laws, new relief programs

Works Progress Administration

New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them

Social Security Act of 1935

national pension

court packing

\-FDR saw courts strike down the NRA and AAA -attempt to reorganize federal court system by adding new judges

Neutrality Acts

laws designed to keep United States out of further wars

Orson Welles - The War of the Worlds

\-broadcast about alien invasion shown on Halloween as entertainment -millions did not think it was fake and went into panic

Facism

A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule

Adolf Hitler

German Nazi dictator during World War II