BIO 1103 Ch. 2: Science Fiction_ Bad Science and Pseudoscience Final Review

Which of the following is present in eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes?

Nucleus

Approximately how many years ago did the common ancestor of all living things appear on Earth?

4 billion

Sodium chloride (table salt) dissolves easily in water. This occurs because of which of the following properties of water?

Polarity

Sasha and Luke are siblings who are “like oil and water.” What does this common expression mean, and what science concept explains why?

Sasha and Luke don’t get along well; oil is hydrophobic

The atomic number of neutral chlorine is 17. When chlorine forms an ionic bond with sodium, it gains an electron. How many electrons does it then have?

18

Which of the following is an important difference between good science and but not of pseudoscience?

Rigorous testing of alternate hypotheses

A chain of many sugar monomers joined by chemical bonds forms a ____________.

polysaccharide

Water is a good solvent, in part, because of its hydrogen bonds. Which of the following statements is true of this type of bond?

They can be intramolecular or intermolecular.

The black-capped chickadee, a common North American bird, can maintain its internal body temperature of 107°F (-42°C) even when the air temperature around it is well below zero. This is an example of _____________.

homeostasis

By which of the following measures can it be said that bacteria are more successful organisms than humans?

They have adapted to more, and more diverse, environments.

What does the term complementary mean when it is applied to DNA?

Adenine always pairs with thymine; cytosine always pairs with guanine.

Which of the following macromolecules performs all of the following functions: forms integral part of cell membrane, regulates chemical reactions, forms channels in the cell membrane, and acts as hormones?

Proteins

Carbohydrate and protein molecules both contain ___________, however, protein molecules also contain ___________ in addition.

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; nitrogen

Units of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base make up which of the following molecules?

RNA and DNA

Which major macromolecules are found in living things?

Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Table sugar, or sucrose, is a ____________ consisting of ____________.

disaccharide; fructose and glucose

What is the “driving force” in evolution?

Natural selection

Polymers of amino acids form a polypeptide. What is the shape of a polypeptide?

A folded or coiled string of beads

Which of the following statements is true regarding the nucleotides in DNA?

They form antiparallel strands connected by hydrogen bonds.

Organic molecules are molecules that contain ___________, which can form bonds with as many as ___________ other elements

carbon; 4

A(An) ____________ is made of atoms, the smallest units that have the properties of that _____________. When atoms form covalent bonds, a(an) ____________ is formed.

element; element; molecule

Which type of molecule is made of a glycerol molecule attached to two fatty acid chains and a phosphate head group?

Phospholipid

Which of the following is an accurate statement of an important difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Covalent bonds represent shared electrons; ionic bonds represent donated electrons.

Match this macromolecule with its monomer or subunit: monosaccharides

Carbohydrate

Match this macromolecule with its monomer or subunit: nucleotides

nucleic acids

Match this macromolecule with its monomer or subunit: amino acids

protein

Match this macromolecule with its monomer or subunit: carbon skeleton and fatty acids

lipid