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Scandinavian Countries
Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland.
Norway
Characterized by an extensive coastline, rigorous terrain, and popular tourist areas like the Lofoten Islands.
Finland
Known for its numerous lakes and forests.
Denmark
Features flat land, a smaller size, and a dense population.
Sweden
Cycling is a common activity, particularly on Gotland.
Iceland
Notable for its slopes, mossy valleys, and extensive hiking opportunities.
Indigenous People
The Sami, the original inhabitants of the region.
Migration Period
A historical phase from 375-568 when various civilizations migrated to Northern Europe and the Scandinavian peninsula.
Viking Age
A period from 793-1066 marked by Norse exploration and raids.
Pagan Beliefs
Scandinavians valued dying in battle to reach Valhalla, as per Odin's teachings.
Introduction of Christianity
Occurred around 900-1000, centuries after Southern Europe had adopted it.
Christian Influence
Over the next 400 years, Christianity shaped art, society, and cultural functions in Scandinavia.
Kalmar Union
A federation linking Norway, Sweden, and Denmark from 1397 to 1523.
German Merchants Union
Had a minimal impact on Scandinavian trade.
Disintegration of the Kalmar Union
Resulted from internal conflicts, with Sweden eventually withdrawing.
Black Death
Prevented Norway from leaving the Kalmar Union, leading to a 400-year association with Denmark.
Emergence of Sweden
Became the strongest nation and developed into an empire post-Kalmar Union.
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