Chapter 19 terms,Sit Questions, HW Questions

(Finish by 12/4/25)

Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Definition: Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852).

• Importance: Her novel exposed the brutality of slavery, fueling Northern abolitionist sentiment and Southern outrage. Lincoln reportedly called her “the little lady who made this big war.”

• Categories:

• Person/Group of People,

• Social,

• Sayings/Literature,

• Political (influence on public opinion).

Bleeding Kansas

• Definition: Violent clashes in Kansas (mid-1850s) between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers over popular sovereignty.

• Importance: Showed that popular sovereignty could not resolve slavery peacefully; foreshadowed Civil War violence.

• Categories:

• Social,

• Political,

• Acts/Voting/Legislation (Kansas-Nebraska Act context).

John C. Fremont

• Definition: First Republican presidential candidate (1856), explorer, and military officer.

• Importance: His candidacy symbolized the rise of the Republican Party as an anti-slavery force.

• Categories:

• Person/Group of People,

• Political.

Abraham Lincoln 

• Definition: 16th U.S. president, elected in 1860.

• Importance: His election triggered Southern secession; led the Union through the Civil War.

• Categories:

• Person/Group of People,

• Political, Social (symbol of Union cause).

Election of 1860 

• Definition: Presidential election won by Abraham Lincoln.

• Importance: Deeply sectional results; Lincoln’s victory without Southern support led directly to secession.

• Categories:

• Political,

• Acts/Voting/Legislation,

• Social (sectional divide).

Confederate states of america

• Definition: Government formed by seceding Southern states in 1861.

• Importance: Represented the formal break from the Union, sparking the Civil War.

• Categories:

• Political,

• Person/Group of People,

• Social.

Uncle Tom’s cabin

• Definition: Anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852).

• Importance: Widely read in the North; intensified sectional conflict by portraying slavery’s moral evils.

• Categories:

• Sayings/Literature,

• Social,

• Political (impact on slavery debate).

John Brown

• Definition: Radical abolitionist who led violent actions in “Bleeding Kansas” and the raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859).

• Importance: Seen as a martyr in the North and a terrorist in the South; his actions deepened sectional divisions.

• Categories:

• Person/Group of People,

• Social,

• Political.

Know-nothing party

• Definition: Nativist political party of the 1850s, opposed immigration and Catholic influence.

• Importance: Reflected social tensions over immigration; briefly influential before collapsing into sectional politics.

• Categories:

• Political,

• Social,

• Person/Group of People.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• Definition: Series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during Illinois Senate race.

• Importance: Elevated Lincoln’s national profile; sharpened debate over slavery and popular sovereignty.

• Categories:

• Political,

• Social,

• Person/Group of People.

Crittenden Amendments

• Definition: Proposed constitutional amendments (1860) to protect slavery south of the Missouri Compromise line.

• Importance: Last-ditch effort to prevent secession; rejected by Republicans, showing compromise was no longer possible.

• Categories:

• Acts/Voting/Legislation,

• Political,

• Social.

Jefferson Davis 

• Definition: President of the Confederate States of America.

• Importance: Led the Confederacy during the Civil War; symbol of Southern nationalism.

• Categories:

• Person/Group of People,

• Political,

• Social.

New England Emigrant Aid company

• Definition: Organization that sent anti-slavery settlers to Kansas to influence the slavery vote.

• Importance: Contributed to Bleeding Kansas by intensifying sectional conflict.

• Categories:

• Person/Group of People,

• Social,

• Political,

• Economic (funding migration).

James Buchanan

• Definition: 15th U.S. president (1857–1861).

• Importance: His inaction during secession crisis and support of pro-slavery policies (like Dred Scott) worsened divisions.

• Categories:

• Person/Group of People,

• Political.

Dred Scott v. Sanford

• Definition: Supreme Court case ruling that African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories.

• Importance: Invalidated the Missouri Compromise; outraged Northerners and emboldened Southerners.

• Categories: Acts/Voting/Legislation (judicial ruling),

• Political, Social.

Harper’s Ferry

• Definition: Raid led by John Brown to seize a federal arsenal and incite a slave rebellion.

• Importance: Failed militarily but inflamed sectional tensions; Brown became a martyr for abolitionists.

• Categories: Social,

• Political,

• Person/Group of People.

Secession 

• Definition: Withdrawal of Southern states from the Union after Lincoln’s election.

• Importance: Direct cause of the Civil War; created the Confederate States of America.

• Categories: Political,

• Social,

• Acts/Voting/Legislation (state conventions).

what was the impact of uncle toms cabin

It addressed the issue of slavery and it made it graphic for people to understand the full extent of slavery on black people

Describe the conflict in Kansas

Kansas had supporters for aboilinoists

the people that moved there with slaves, it costed them a lot of money

what senator was beaten nearly to death because of an offended southern senator

Charles sumner was beaten by Preston Brookes

what does the creation of the American party show about the time period

What caused the panic of 1857/what were the effects of the panic of 1857

Causes

• An Economic recession

• The war between Britain and Ukraine ended(Over saturation of wheat)

• The banks load out money, and the people that invested in railways didn’t have any money to give

Effects

• Dropping of wheat prices

• The south didn’t get hit too much

Describe the impact of uncles toms cabin

Describe the settlers who moved to Kansas

Why did the settlement of Kansas turn violent

Describe the election of 1856 and How did the new republican party do?

What was the impact of Dred scott decision?

What was the importance of the Lincoln-Douglas debates

What did john brown hope to start with his raid on harper ferry

What were the reaction to john browns harper ferry raid in the south and north

North

South

How did sectionalism dominate the electron of 1860

Describe the outcome/results of 1860 election

Describe how secession played out following the election

Why didn’t president Buchanan act on the states that seceded

Describe southerner’s views of northerners at the time of secession