M1L1 - Lipids & Membranes

Flashcards for the 7 questions in module 1, lesson 1 - contains images for reference

What is the name of a 1 carbon saturated fatty acid?

formic/methanoic acid

What is the name of a 2 carbon saturated fatty acid?

acetic acid

What is the name of a 3 carbon saturated fatty acid?

propionic acid

What is the name of a 4 carbon saturated fatty acid?

butyric acid

What is the name of a 5 carbon saturated fatty acid?

valeric acid

What is the name of a 6 carbon saturated fatty acid?

caproic acid

What is the name of an 8 carbon saturated fatty acid?

caprylic acid

What is the name of a 10 carbon saturated fatty acid?

capric acid

What is the name of a 12 carbon saturated fatty acid?

lauric acid

What is the name of a 14 carbon saturated fatty acid?

myristic acid

What is the name of a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid?

palmitic acid

What is the name of an 18 carbon saturated fatty acid?

stearic acid

What is the name of a 20 carbon saturated fatty acid?

arachidic acid

What is the name of a 16 carbon unsaturated fatty acid?

palmitoleic acid

What are the possible identities of an 18 carbon unsaturated fatty acid?

oleic, linoleic, or linolenic acid

What are the possible identities of a 20 carbon unsaturated fatty acid?

arachidonic acid or EPA

What is the name of a 22 carbon unsaturated fatty acid?

DHA

What is the identity of 18:1(9)?

oleic acid

What is the identity of 18:2(9,12)

linoleic acid

What is the identity of 18:3(9,12,15)?

linolenic acid

What is the identity of 20:4(5,8,11,14)?

arachidonic acid

What is the identity of 20:5(5,8,11,14,17)?

EPA

Is linoleic acid omega-3 or omega-6, given its identification is 18:2(9,12)?

omega-6

Is linolenic acid omega-3 or omega-6, given its identification is 18:3(9,12,15)?

omega-3

Is arachidonic acid omega-3 or omega-6, given its definition is 20:4(5,8,11,14)?

omega-6

Is EPA omega-3 or omega-6, given its identification is 20:5(5,8,11,14,17)?

omega-3

Is DHA omega-3 or omega-6, given its identification is 22:6(4,7,10,13,16,19)?

omega-3

Why is animal fat a solid at room temperature?

Animal fat has a HIGHER percentage of saturated fatty acyl groups connected to triacylglycerol and a LOWER percentage of unsaturated fatty acyl groups connected to triacylglycerol.

Why is plant oil a liquid at room temperature?

Plant oil has a HIGHER percentage of unsaturated fatty acyl groups connected to triacylglycerol and a LOWER percentage of saturated fatty acyl groups connected to triacylglycerol.

What is a glycerophospholipid?

Glycerophospholipids contain two fatty acyl groups connected to a glycerol backbone and a polar phosphate group attached to the end, which may have other groups attached

What is phosphatidate or phosphatidic acid?

diacylglycerol-3-phosphate

What is phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE)?

It is an ethanolamine connected to the phosphate group of phosphatidate

What is phosphatidyl-choline (PC)?

It is a choline connected to the phosphate group of phosphatidate

What is phosphatidyl-serine (PS)?

It is a serine connected to the phosphate group of phosphatidate

What is phosphatidyl-inositol?

It is an inositol connected to the phosphate group of phosphatidate

What is cardiolipin?

diphosphatidylglycerol

What is a sphingophospholipid?

sphingomyelin, which is a ceramide plus a phosphate plus a choline

What is a ceramide?

a sphingosine plus a C2 amide

What is a glycosphingolipid?

a ceramide attached to one or more sugar molecules

What is a cerebroside?

ceramide and sugar

What is a sulfatide?

ceramide and sugar with a sulfate group

What is a ganglioside?

ceramide and multiple sugars where one sugar is oxidized

What is ceramide plus galactose?

galactocerebroside

What is ceramide plus glucose?

glucocerebroside

What is diacylglycerol-3-phosphate?

phosphotidate

What is diphosphatidylglycerol?

cardiolipin

What is ceramide plus phosphate plus choline?

sphingomyelin

How can you recognize phosphatidal-ethanolamine and phosphatidal-choline?

The first acyl group has a C1 ether linkage with an unsaturated fatty acyl tail. They are called plasmalogens.

What is squalene?

Squalene is a triterpene (3 monoterpenes = 6 isoprenes = 30 carbons) and is the precursor to cholesterol in animal cells.

What is cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a 27 carbon cyclic compound found in animal cells that is the precursor to many different hormones. It modulates fluidity of the plasma membrane.

What is ß-carotene and why is it important?

ß-carotene is a tetraterpene (4 monoterpenes = 8 isoprenes = 40 carbons) and is the precursor to retinoic acid, which is Vitamin A