IAS 1533-Global Perspectives Final Study Guide

The 5 C’s

Cultural Fluency, Critical Thinking, Civil Discourse, Citizenship, Community Engagement

Why Global Fluency?

Global fluency is essential for understanding diverse perspectives, fostering effective communication, and addressing global challenges collaboratively.

Global Fluency Characteristics

tolerance of ambiguity, ability to adapt, willingness to learn, communication sensitivity, respect for different perspectives

Barriers to Global Fluency

assumption of similarities, lack of language differences, lack about non-verbal communication, inability to set aside prejudices, distrust of other cultures

What is Culture?

Learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms, and social practices which affect a large group

Components of Culture

It is learned, it involves sharing of interpretations and practices, and it is a set of shared interpretations

Why Cultures Differ

Different Histories, environment, technology, biology, communication, institutional networks

Surface Culture

Above the surface elements of culture that are visible and easily observed, such as food, dress, and customs.

Shallow Culture

The less visible aspects of culture, including values, beliefs, and thought patterns that influence behavior.

Deep Culture

The underlying values, beliefs, and thought processes that shape a culture's behaviors and norms, often difficult to observe directly.

Multiculturalism

The coexistence of diverse cultures within a society, promoting equal respect and understanding among different cultural groups.

Main Components of Multiculturalism Debate

The main components of the multiculturalism debate include the tensions between cultural preservation and integration, the challenges of social cohesion, and the implications for national identity and policy-making.

5 Multiculturalism Guidelines

1. Balance Emphasis on intergroup differences

2. Include minority and majority members in multicultural policies

3. Acknowledge intragroup diversity

4. Utilize multicultural initiatives that target voluntary motivations

5. Avoid concrete interpretations that emphasize “how” instead of “why”

3 Aspects of Identity

Cultural Identity, Social Identity, Personal Identity

Cultural Identity

sense of belonging to a culture or ethnic group

Social Identity

Membership in groups within one’s culture

Personal Identity

Someone’s unique characteristics

3 Stages of Cultural Identity Formation

Unexamined cultural identity, search, achievement

Unexamined Cultural Identity

Lack of interest, takes cultural characteristics for granted

Search for Cultural Identity

Process of questioning one’s culture to learn more about it

Achievement of Cultural Identity

Accepting your cultural identity

3 Cultural Identity Characteristics

Central, Dynamic, Multifaceted

Race

Socially constructed category based on real or biological differences b/w groups of people

Ethnicity

socially defined category based on nationality, religion, language, culture

Worldview

Collection of attitudes, values, stories, and expectations about the world around us

Influences on our worldview

Environment, Experiences, Pop Culture and Media

Parenting Style

psychological construct, 4 styles

Authoritative Parenting Style

warm and firm, establishes rules and is nurturing

Authoritarian Parenting Style

Little warmth, controlling and strict

Permissive Parenting Style

warm and undemanding, passive

Uninvolved Parenting Style

Not warm, no demands, rarely interacts with kid

North American Parenting Styles

Authoritative

Hispanic Parenting Styles

Different b/w moms and dads, family and community very important, very involved

African Parenting Styles

Everyone responsible for own child, common for child to live with others

Asian Parenting Styles

Mainly authoritative, “Tiger” Parenting

Value Orientation Theory 4 Conclusions

1. People in all cultures face 5 common problems for which they must find solutions

2. Range of alternative solutions to a culture’s problems is limited

3. Within a culture, there are preferred solutions

4. Over time, these preferred solutions shape culture’s basic assumptions

5 Value Orientations

1. What is human orientation to activity

2. What is human’s relationships with others

3. Nature of human beings

4. Humans and natural world

5. Time

Food Culture

beliefs, attitudes, and practices related to consuming food

How does food affect culture?

connects us with others, it is apart of religious and holiday celebrations, it is a part of what makes us human

3 Impacts Food has on culture

Identity, community, safeguarding traditions

5 major world religions

Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism

What is social categorizing

when people impose pattern on their world by organizing stimuli into categories

What is ethnocentrism

when beliefs, values, and practices of one culture are seen as superior to others

Stereotyping

form of generalization about people

Prejudice

attitudes towards others based on stereotypes

Discrimination

behavioral manifestations and actions of prejudice

3 types of microaggressions

Verbal, Behavioral, Environmental

3 Levels of racism

Institutionalized, Mediated, Internalized

High Context Communication

most meaning is implied by physical setting or presumed to be apart of cultural values, beliefs, and practices

Low Context Communication

majority of info id vested in explicit code

What’s the importance of in-groups and out-groups

differs when communicating with different groups

Power of Language in intercultural communication

Language is powerful because if you can’t understand the language, then it is hard to understand the culture

Vocab Equivalence

finding word in target language w/ some meaning as source

Idiomatic Equivalence

words that have a meaning contrary to the usual meanings of the words

Grammatical equivalence

transferring grammatical rule system of one language to another

Experimental Equivalence

words that have meaning within the experimental framework of the receiver

Conceptual Equivalence

how different cultures define reality

Intercultural Communication Competence

effective and appropriate communication of people from different cultural backgrounds

6 components of intercultural communication competence

context, behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, skills, motivation

Intercultural flexibility staircase

unconscious competence, conscious competence, conscious competence, unconscious competence

Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity

Denial, Defense, Minimization, Acceptance, Adaptation, Integration

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

states that people experience the world based on their language

DIE Tool

allows people to control the meanings they attribute to the verbal and nonverbal symbols used by others

What is Globalization

a shift towards a more integrated and interdependent society

What’s the silk road

ancient trade route that linked the western world w/ the middle east and asia

Drivers of globalization

Decline in barriers, technological change

Role of Technology in Globalization

it is a driving factor in globalization

8 types of Globalization

Economic, technological, political, cultural, sociological, ecological, geographical, financial

International Business

any business with business in more than one country

multinational business

any business with activity in 2+ countriesg

global business

business that takes a global approach

What is a citizenship

relationship b/w person and state in which person owes allegiances and is entitled to protection

expatriates

anyone living outside their home country

migrants

someone who moves to another country temporarily

refugees

people who have to flee one country bc of war, violence

statelessness

someone who’s not considered as a natural by any state under its law

Global citizen

someone who is a part of a country, but also identifies as a citizen of the world

What do global citizens do and value

they value diversity, take action on injustice, are self aware, have a global mindset, understand other perspectives

Global North

Developed countries basically

Global South

Developing countries

Classical liberalism

lack of education, technology, and infrastructure, argues limited liberty, no economic freedom

World dependence theory

dominant core and subordinate periphery, core wants periphery in poverty so they can stay in power

7 causes of disparity

colonialism, population growth, foreign, debt, leadership issues, local control

What are NGO’s

Non Governmental Orangizations

5 types of NGOs

professional, charitable, participatory, empowering, service

4 NGO approaches

1. Grassroots-targets disadvantaged groups through small locally based projects

2. Emergency Relief

3. Advocacy-aims to draw public attention to an issue on behalf of a group

4. Volunteer

Monarchy

Ruling family in power

Democracy

citizens hold power

Direct Democracy

people govern themselves

Republic democracy

people elect reps to vote on behalf of them

Dictatorship

form of totalitariansm, one person in power, usually with millitary support

Totalitarianism

rulers of unchecked rule of nation

Theocracy

government based on religious law and belief

Autocratic Authoritarian

citizens have no voice

Inequity

unfair differences from poor governance and corruption

Inequality

state of not being equal

power

in global politics, its the ability to control people and events

market power assymetry

companies with monopoly power

social power assymetry

patterns of poverty and wealth

activism

efforts to promote social, political, economic, or environmental change