D1.1 DNA Replication (SL)

Flashcards covering key concepts in DNA replication and associated technologies.

DNA replication

The process of making exact copies of DNA with identical base sequences required for cell reproduction.

Semi-conservative replication

A method of DNA replication where each new molecule consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Helicase

An enzyme that unwinds and separates the double strands of DNA during replication.

DNA Polymerase

An enzyme that covalently joins nucleotides together to synthesize a new DNA strand.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

An artificial method for amplifying DNA sequences, requiring cycles of denaturation, annealing, and elongation.

Gel electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments according to size by applying an electrical current.

Short tandem repeats (STRs)

Recurring elements in non-coding DNA sequences that differ in number between individuals.

Gene Cloning

The process of incorporating a gene into a vector for expression in another organism.

Sanger method

A modified version of PCR used to determine the base sequence of DNA by incorporating chain-terminating nucleotides.

DNA profiling

A technique using gel electrophoresis to create unique DNA patterns for individuals, useful in forensics and paternity testing.